(all)
Global Humanities | History of Humanities | Liberal Arts | Humanities and Higher Education | Humanities as Research Activity | Humanities Teaching & Curricula | Humanities and the Sciences | Medical Humanities | Public Humanities | Humanities Advocacy | Humanities and Social Groups | Value of Humanities | Humanities and Economic Value | Humanities Funding | Humanities Statistics | Humanities Surveys | "Crisis" of the Humanities
Humanities Organizations: Humanities Councils (U.S.) | Government Agencies | Foundations | Scholarly Associations
Humanities in: Africa | Asia (East) | Asia (South) | Australasia | Europe | Latin America | Middle East | North America: Canada - Mexico - United States | Scandinavia | United Kingdom
(all)
Lists of News Sources | Databases with News Archives | History of Journalism | Journalism Studies | Journalism Statistics | Journalism Organizations | Student Journalism | Data Journalism | Media Frames (analyzing & changing media narratives using "frame theory") | Media Bias | Fake News | Journalism and Minorities | Journalism and Women | Press Freedom | News & Social Media
(all)
Corpus Representativeness
Comparison paradigms for idea of a corpus: Archives as Paradigm | Canons as Paradigm | Editions as Paradigm | Corpus Linguistics as Paradigm
(all)
Artificial Intelligence | Big Data | Data Mining | Data Notebooks (Jupyter Notebooks) | Data Visualization (see also Topic Model Visualizations) | Hierarchical Clustering | Interpretability & Explainability (see also Topic Model Interpretation) | Mapping | Natural Language Processing | Network Analysis | Open Science | Reporting & Documentation Methods | Reproducibility | Sentiment Analysis | Social Media Analysis | Statistical Methods | Text Analysis (see also Topic Modeling) | Text Classification | Wikification | Word Embedding & Vector Semantics
Topic Modeling (all)
Selected DH research and resources bearing on, or utilized by, the WE1S project.
(all)
Distant Reading | Cultural Analytics | | Sociocultural Approaches | Topic Modeling in DH | Non-consumptive Use
Searchable version of bibliography on Zotero site
For WE1S developers: Biblio style guide | Biblio collection form (suggest additions) | WE1S Bibliography Ontology Outline
2133649
1
chicago-fullnote-bibliography
50
date
desc
year
1
1
1
1840
https://we1s.ucsb.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A1200%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22PTURH59S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A606076%2C%22username%22%3A%22glyvan%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Scott%20Kleinman%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fglyvan%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Viola%20and%20Spence%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EViola%2C%20Lorella%2C%20and%20Paul%20Spence%2C%20eds.%20%3Ci%3EMultilingual%20Digital%20Humanities%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Digital%20Research%20in%20the%20Arts%20and%20Humanities.%20Abingdon%2C%20Oxon%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20New%20York%2C%20NY%3A%20Routledge%2C%202023.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPTURH59S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multilingual%20digital%20humanities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lorella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Viola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spence%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Multilingual%20Digital%20Humanities%20explores%20the%20impact%20of%20monolingualism%5Cu2014especially%20Anglocentrism%5Cu2014on%20digital%20practices%20in%20the%20humanities%20and%20social%20sciences.%5Cn%5CnThe%20volume%20explores%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20applied%20contexts%2C%20such%20as%20digital%20linguistic%20injustice%2C%20critical%20digital%20literacy%2C%20digital%20learning%2C%20digital%20publishing%2C%20low-resourced%2C%20minoritised%20or%20endangered%20languages%20in%20a%20digital%20space%2C%20and%20multilingual%20historical%20intertextuality.%20These%20discussions%20are%20situated%20within%20wider%20work%20on%20language%20technologies%2C%20language%20documentation%20and%20international%20%28in%20particular%20European%29%20language-based%20infrastructure%20creation.%20Drawing%20on%20both%20primary%20and%20secondary%20research%2C%20this%20four-part%20book%20features%2013%20diverse%20case%20studies%20of%20infrastructural%20projects%2C%20pedagogical%20resources%2C%20computational%20models%2C%20interface%20building%2C%20and%20publishing%20initiatives%20in%20a%20range%20of%20languages%2C%20including%20Arabic%2C%20French%2C%20Russian%2C%20Portuguese%2C%20Italian%2C%20German%2C%20Spanish%2C%20Bengali%2C%20Hindi%2C%20Malayalam%2C%20and%20Tamil.%20All%20the%20debates%20are%20contextualised%20within%20a%20wider%20cultural%20frame%2C%20thus%20bridging%20the%20gap%20between%20the%20linguistic%20focus%20of%20the%20multilingual%20initiatives%20and%20wider%20discussion%20of%20cultural%20criticism%20in%20DH.%20%5Cn%5CnMultilingual%20Digital%20Humanities%20recognizes%20the%20digital%20as%20a%20culturally%20situated%20and%20organic%20multilingual%20entity%20embedding%20past%2C%20present%2C%20and%20future%20worlds%2C%20which%20reacts%20to%20and%20impacts%20on%20institutional%20and%20methodological%20frameworks%20for%20knowledge%20creation.%20It%20is%20essential%20reading%20for%20students%2C%20scholars%2C%20and%20practitioners%20working%20in%20digital%20humanities%20and%20digital%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-03-249194-3%20978-1-00-339369-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-08-10T22%3A10%3A55Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22%5C%2Funread%22%2C%22type%22%3A1%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227VE8ZFEZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22AI%20Forensics%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAI%20Forensics.%20%26%23x201C%3BHome%20Page%2C%26%23x201D%3B%202023.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fai-forensics.github.io%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fai-forensics.github.io%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7VE8ZFEZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Home%20page%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22AI%20Forensics%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20interdisciplinary%20research%20project%20critically%20investigating%20interpretability%20and%20accountability%20of%20visual%20AI%20systems%20from%20the%20perspective%20of%20their%20social%20implications%2C%20its%20team%20is%20spread%20across%20an%20international%20consortium%20composed%20of%3A%5Cn%5CnHochschule%20f%5Cu00fcr%20Gestaltung%20Karlsruhe%2C%20K%5Cu00fcnstliche%20Intelligenz%20und%20Medienphilosophie%5CnUniversit%5Cu00e4t%20Kassel%2C%20Gender%5C%2FDiversity%20in%20Informatics%20Systems%5CnCambridge%20University%2C%20Cambridge%20Digital%20Humanities%5CnDurham%20University%5CnIncluding%20the%20NVIDIA%20CUDA%20Research%20Centre%20as%20technical%20partner%5CnUniversity%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Barbara%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fai-forensics.github.io%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-13T22%3A09%3A42Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Artificial%20intelligence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Interpretability%20and%20explainability%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CVGP828U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Heller%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHeller%2C%20Nathan.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20End%20of%20the%20English%20Major.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EThe%20New%20Yorker%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202023.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.newyorker.com%5C%2Fmagazine%5C%2F2023%5C%2F03%5C%2F06%5C%2Fthe-end-of-the-english-major%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.newyorker.com%5C%2Fmagazine%5C%2F2023%5C%2F03%5C%2F06%5C%2Fthe-end-of-the-english-major%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCVGP828U%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20End%20of%20the%20English%20Major%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Enrollment%20in%20the%20humanities%20is%20in%20free%20fall%20at%20colleges%20around%20the%20country.%20What%20happened%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-792X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.newyorker.com%5C%2Fmagazine%5C%2F2023%5C%2F03%5C%2F06%5C%2Fthe-end-of-the-english-major%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-02-27T20%3A58%3A43Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20economic%20value%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H8QBIUBI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Thomas%20and%20Droge%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-05-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EThomas%2C%20Lindsay%2C%20and%20Abigail%20Droge.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%20We%20Learned%20About%20the%20Humanities%20from%20a%20Study%20of%20Thousands%20of%20Newspaper%20Articles.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Cultural%20Analytics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20May%2024%2C%202022%2C%20139%26%23x2013%3B44.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.22148%5C%2F001c.35907%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.22148%5C%2F001c.35907%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DH8QBIUBI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20We%20Learned%20About%20the%20Humanities%20from%20a%20Study%20of%20Thousands%20of%20Newspaper%20Articles%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Droge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22How%20might%20a%20computational%20analysis%20of%20the%20humanities%20in%20public%20discourse%20inform%20future%20efforts%20in%20humanities%20education%20and%20research%3F%20This%20question%20motivates%20this%20short%20essay%3B%20here%2C%20we%20reflect%20on%20key%20arguments%20from%20our%20longer%20article%20%5Cu201cThe%20Humanities%20in%20Public%3A%20A%20Computational%20Analysis%20of%20US%20National%20and%20Campus%20Newspapers%5Cu201d%20with%20an%20eye%20toward%20imagining%20possible%20use%20cases%20and%20applications%20for%20our%20findings.%20After%20summarizing%20our%20main%20claims%2C%20we%20suggest%20ways%20of%20reframing%20or%20revaluing%20advocacy%20for%20the%20humanities%20based%20on%20this%20research.%20These%20include%20delineating%20concrete%20examples%20of%20the%20relationship%20between%20humanistic%20knowledge%20and%20the%20public%20interest%2C%20shifting%20institutional%20and%20disciplinary%20priorities%20toward%20forms%20of%20labor%20that%20engage%20a%20wider%20variety%20of%20publics%2C%20and%20understanding%20the%20connections%20between%2C%20rather%20than%20focusing%20on%20competition%20among%2C%20the%20humanities%20and%20the%20sciences.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%5C%2F5%5C%2F24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.22148%5C%2F001c.35907%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturalanalytics.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F35907-what-we-learned-about-the-humanities-from-a-study-of-thousands-of-newspaper-articles%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-05-24T22%3A09%3A15Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20advocacy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20the%20sciences%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20publications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RQ9JE5CX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A606076%2C%22username%22%3A%22glyvan%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Scott%20Kleinman%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fglyvan%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kirilloff%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKirilloff%2C%20Gabi.%20%26%23x201C%3BComputation%20as%20Context%3A%20New%20Approaches%20to%20the%20Close%5C%2FDistant%20Reading%20Debate.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECollege%20Literature%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2049%2C%20no.%201%20%282022%29%3A%201%26%23x2013%3B25.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F1%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F844432%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F1%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F844432%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRQ9JE5CX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Computation%20as%20Context%3A%20New%20Approaches%20to%20the%20Close%5C%2FDistant%20Reading%20Debate%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gabi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kirilloff%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20perceived%20dichotomy%20between%20distant%20and%20close%20reading%20continues%20to%20shape%20conversations%20about%20the%20digital%20humanities.%20This%20debate%20has%20functioned%20as%20a%20red%20herring%2C%20overshadowing%20misreadings%20of%20computational%20work.%20Drawing%20on%20two%20case%20studies%2C%20I%20argue%20that%20the%20information%20produced%20from%20computational%20methods%20should%20be%20understood%20as%20a%20type%20of%20context%2C%20rather%20than%20as%20data%20or%20as%20a%20textual%20%5C%22reading.%5C%22%20Viewing%20computational%20output%20as%20context%20implies%20that%20impartial%20and%20flawed%20methods%20can%20still%20supply%20valuable%20information.%20This%20is%20a%20radical%20departure%20from%20the%20field%27s%20current%20preoccupation%20with%20methodological%20validity.%20My%20first%20case%20study%20looks%20at%20Google%27s%20flawed%20learning%20algorithm%20Perspective.%20I%20posit%20that%20the%20tool%20can%20be%20reverse%20engineered%20to%20examine%20racist%20and%20sexist%20attitudes.%20I%20also%20examine%20my%20computational%20study%20of%20direct%20address%20in%202%2C000%20Anglophone%20novels.%20Despite%20technical%20flaws%2C%20the%20project%20facilitated%20the%20textual%20recovery%20and%20close%20reading%20of%20several%20nineteenth-century%20African-American%20novels.%20As%20these%20examples%20show%2C%20the%20computational%20analysis%20of%20literature%20produces%20information%20that%2C%20much%20like%20biographical%20and%20historical%20context%2C%20is%20in%20its%20own%20right%20subjective%20and%20incomplete%20but%20can%20be%20used%20to%20provoke%20further%20acts%20of%20interpretation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221542-4286%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%5C%2Fpub%5C%2F1%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F844432%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-08-10T22%3A10%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22%5C%2Funread%22%2C%22type%22%3A1%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Distant%20reading%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IGYCFET2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhatEver1Says%3A%20The%20Humanities%20in%20Public%20Discourse.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20National%20Humanities%20Conference%2C%20Los%20Angeles%2C%202022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_NHC2022%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_NHC2022%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIGYCFET2%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WhatEver1Says%3A%20The%20Humanities%20in%20Public%20Discourse%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Talk%20on%20WE1S%20in%20panel%20on%20%5Cu201cThe%20Public%2C%20the%20Humanities%2C%20and%20the%20Public%20Humanities%5Cu201d%20at%20the%20National%20Humanities%20Conference%202022%2C%20Los%20Angeles%2C%2012%20November%202022.%20%28Slides%20for%20lecture%3A%20bit.ly%5C%2FLiu_NHC2022%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_NHC2022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-30T06%3A24%3A41Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2244F3R98E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhatEver1Says%3A%20The%20Humanities%20in%20Public%20Discourse.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20Humanities%20%26amp%3B%20Fine%20Arts%20Digital%20Humanities%20Showcase%2C%20UC%20Santa%20Barbara%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Barbara%2C%202022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_11_18_2011%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_11_18_2011%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D44F3R98E%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WhatEver1Says%3A%20The%20Humanities%20in%20Public%20Discourse%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Talk%20on%20WE1S%20at%20the%20Humanities%20%26%20Fine%20Arts%20Digital%20Humanities%20Showcase%2C%20UC%20Santa%20Barbara%2C%2018%20November%202022.%20%28Slides%20for%20lecture%3A%20bit.ly%5C%2FLiu_11_18_2022%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbit.ly%5C%2FLiu_11_18_2011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-30T06%3A24%3A04Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VL6B8LBQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan%2C%20Abigail%20Droge%2C%20Scott%20Kleinman%2C%20Lindsay%20Thomas%2C%20Dan%20C.%20Baciu%2C%20and%20Jeremy%20Douglass.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%20Everyone%20Says%3A%20Public%20Perceptions%20of%20the%20Humanities%20in%20the%20Media.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EDaedalus%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20151%2C%20no.%203%20%282022%29%3A%2019%26%23x2013%3B39.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01926%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01926%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVL6B8LBQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20Everyone%20Says%3A%20Public%20Perceptions%20of%20the%20Humanities%20in%20the%20Media%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Droge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kleinman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baciu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Douglass%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Using%20computational%20means%20to%20understand%20patterns%20in%20how%20the%20humanities%20are%20mentioned%20in%20U.S.%20journalism%2C%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20project%20brings%20into%20focus%20challenging%20problems%20in%20the%20perception%20of%20the%20humanities.%20This%20essay%20reports%20on%20the%20project%5Cu2019s%20findings%20and%20some%20of%20the%20further%20questions%20that%20emerged%20from%20them.%20For%20example%2C%20how%20does%20the%20%5Cu201chumanities%20crisis%5Cu201d%20appear%20among%20the%20many%20crises%20of%20our%20time%3F%20Why%20do%20the%20humanities%20figure%20so%20often%20in%20connection%20with%20concrete%2C%20ordinary%20life%20yet%20also%20seem%20abstract%20in%20value%3F%20How%20can%20more%20of%20the%20substance%20of%20humanistic%20research%20be%20communicated%20as%20opposed%20to%20appearing%20as%20just%20academic%20business%3F%20And%20why%20is%20there%20so%20little%20focus%20in%20the%20media%20on%20how%20underrepresented%20populations%20are%20positioned%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20humanities%20by%20comparison%20to%20science%20and%20social%2C%20political%2C%20or%20economic%20issues%3F%20The%20essay%20concludes%20by%20recommending%20that%20the%20humanities%20reframe%20their%20crisis%20as%20part%20of%20larger%20human%20crises%20requiring%20multidisciplinary%20%5Cu201cgrand%20challenge%5Cu201d%20approaches.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01926%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01926%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-27T19%3A00%3A30Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20advocacy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Public%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20publications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WLXDQSBI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Townsend%20and%20Bradburn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ETownsend%2C%20Robert%20B.%2C%20and%20Norman%20Marshall%20Bradburn.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20State%20of%20the%20Humanities%20circa%202022.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EDaedalus%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20151%2C%20no.%203%20%282022%29%3A%2011%26%23x2013%3B17.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01925%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01925%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWLXDQSBI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20State%20of%20the%20Humanities%20circa%202022%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Townsend%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%20Marshall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradburn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BBeginning%20of%20article%5D%20Depending%20on%20one%5Cu2019s%20perspective%2C%20the%20situation%20for%20the%20humanities%20can%20appear%20either%20quite%20dire%20or%20in%20a%20state%20of%20renewal%20and%20vitality.%20In%20the%20four-year%20colleges%20and%20universities%20that%20often%20set%20the%20terms%20of%20discussion%20about%20the%20field%2C%20the%20situation%20is%20troubling%20by%20almost%20any%20measure.%20Even%20prior%20to%20the%20pandemic%2C%20humanities%20departments%20were%20being%20closed%20and%20students%20were%20gravitating%20toward%20other%20fields%20in%20their%20selection%20of%20majors.%20Nevertheless%2C%20leaders%20in%20the%20public%20humanities%20%28such%20as%20state%20humanities%20councils%20and%20academic%20centers%20for%20the%20public%20humanities%29%20look%20to%20a%20wider%20range%20of%20engagements%20with%20the%20humanities%20beyond%20the%20academy%20and%20report%20that%20their%20programs%20and%20activities%20are%20quite%20robust%20%28or%20at%20least%20were%20so%2C%20before%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%29.%20Since%20the%20Great%20Recession%2C%20these%20divisions%20have%20grown%20increasingly%20stark%2C%20as%20the%20downward%20trends%20in%20academia%20have%20steepened%2C%20while%20visitation%20rates%20at%20other%20public%20humanities%20institutions%5Cu2013such%20as%20art%20museums%20and%20historic%20sites%5Cu2013have%20showed%20a%20modest%20rebound.1%20The%20question%20remains%3A%20how%20are%20these%20trends%20related%20and%20which%20better%20reflects%20the%20long-term%20health%20of%20the%20field%3F%3Cbr%20%5C%2F%3E%3Cbr%20%5C%2F%3E%5Cn%5CnAs%20a%20starting%20point%20for%20this%20volume%20%5B%3Cem%3EDaedalus%3C%5C%2Fem%3E%20special%20issue%20on%20%5C%22The%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%3A%20Transforming%20the%20Relationship%20with%20the%20Public%5C%22%5D%2C%20this%20essay%20summarizes%20recent%20data%20about%20the%20state%20of%20the%20field%20both%20within%20and%20beyond%20the%20walls%20of%20academia.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1162%5C%2FDAED_a_01925%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fstate-humanities-circa-2022%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-20T07%3A38%3A39Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20statistics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20surveys%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Public%20humanities%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LJQK9JAF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berkowitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerkowitz%2C%20Carin%2C%20Norman%20Marshall%20Bradburn%2C%20and%20Robert%20B.%20Townsend%2C%20eds.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%3A%20Transforming%20the%20Relationship%20with%20the%20Public%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Vol.%20151%2C%20No.%203.%20Cambridge%2C%20MA%3A%20American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%2C%202022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fdaedalus%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-transforming-relationship-public%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fdaedalus%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-transforming-relationship-public%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLJQK9JAF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%3A%20Transforming%20the%20Relationship%20with%20the%20Public%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berkowitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Norman%20Marshall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradburn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Townsend%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Special%20issue%20of%20the%20Daedalus%20Journal%20from%20the%20American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20%26%20Sciencesk%3A%20%3Cbr%20%5C%2F%3E%3Cbr%20%5C%2F%3E%5Cn%5CnDepending%20on%20how%20you%20look%20at%20it%2C%20the%20humanities%20in%20America%20are%20either%20racing%20down%20a%20steep%20decline%20or%20entering%20a%20state%20of%20renewal%20and%20vitality.%20The%20challenges%20facing%20the%20academic%20humanities%20are%20well%20documented%3A%20university%20humanities%20departments%20closing%20their%20doors%2C%20students%20increasingly%20turning%20to%20other%20fields%20of%20study%2C%20and%20humanities%20PhD%20recipients%20competing%20for%20fewer%20academic%20jobs%2C%20with%20decreasing%20pay%20and%20benefits.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20there%20is%20a%20deep%20hunger%20for%20engagement%20with%20the%20humanities%20%5Cu2013%20from%20the%20major%20institutions%20that%20celebrate%20elite%20culture%20to%20the%20confrontations%20in%20the%20street%20over%20how%20to%20understand%20the%20country%5Cu2019s%20history.%20This%20volume%20looks%20at%20the%20public%20faces%20of%20the%20humanities%2C%20exploring%20the%20state%20of%20the%20humanities%20today%2C%20where%20the%20academic%20humanities%20are%20%28and%20should%20be%29%20heading%2C%20how%20to%20build%20bridges%20to%20new%20audiences%20and%20historically%20marginalized%20communities%2C%20and%20in%20what%20ways%20the%20humanities%20help%20us%20understand%20urgent%20public%20concerns%2C%20such%20as%20climate%20change%2C%20racial%20justice%2C%20and%20public%20health.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fdaedalus%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-transforming-relationship-public%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-18T18%3A03%3A31Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22humanit%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2256IIR5DW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22AAUP%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAAUP.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20Economic%20Status%20of%20the%20Profession%2C%202021-22.%26%23x201D%3B%20Washington%2C%20D.C.%3A%20American%20Association%20of%20University%20Professors%2C%202022.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aaup.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2Fannual-report-economic-status-profession-2021-22%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aaup.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2Fannual-report-economic-status-profession-2021-22%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D56IIR5DW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20Economic%20Status%20of%20the%20Profession%2C%202021-22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22AAUP%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20year%5Cu2019s%20Annual%20Report%20on%20the%20Economic%20Status%20of%20the%20Profession%20documents%20the%20economic%20impact%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20a%20year%20when%20the%20Consumer%20Price%20Index%20for%20All%20Urban%20Consumers%20%28CPI-U%29%20rose%207.0%20percent%2C%20the%20largest%20December-to-December%20percentage%20increase%20since%201981.%20The%20report%20documents%20the%20economic%20status%20for%20not%20only%20full-time%20faculty%20members%20but%20also%20part-time%20adjunct%20faculty%20members%20paid%20on%20a%20per-course-section%20basis%5Cu2014and%20faculty%20members%20on%20contingent%20appointments%20in%20general.%20It%20also%20includes%20special%20sections%20on%20the%20academic%20labor%20force%20and%20key%20gender%20equity%20indicators%2C%20with%20an%20eye%20toward%20documenting%20changes%20that%20have%20occurred%20since%20the%202019%5Cu201320%20academic%20year%2C%20when%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20began.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22American%20Association%20of%20University%20Professors%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.aaup.org%5C%2Freport%5C%2Fannual-report-economic-status-profession-2021-22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-23T19%3A17%3A47Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20statistics%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JPWWXX8N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Thomas%20and%20Droge%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EThomas%2C%20Lindsay%2C%20and%20Abigail%20Droge.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Humanities%20in%20Public%3A%20A%20Computational%20Analysis%20of%20US%20National%20and%20Campus%20Newspapers.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Cultural%20Analytics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%207%2C%20no.%201%20%282022%29%3A%2036%26%23x2013%3B80.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturalanalytics.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F32036-the-humanities-in-public-a-computational-analysis-of-us-national-and-campus-newspapers%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturalanalytics.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F32036-the-humanities-in-public-a-computational-analysis-of-us-national-and-campus-newspapers%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJPWWXX8N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Humanities%20in%20Public%3A%20A%20Computational%20Analysis%20of%20US%20National%20and%20Campus%20Newspapers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Droge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Academic%20defenses%20of%20the%20humanities%20often%20make%20two%20assumptions%3A%20first%2C%20that%20the%20overwhelming%20public%20perception%20of%20the%20humanities%20is%20one%20of%20crisis%2C%20and%20second%2C%20that%20our%20understanding%20of%20what%20the%20humanities%20means%20is%20best%20traced%20through%20a%20lineage%20of%20famous%20reference%20points%2C%20from%20Matthew%20Arnold%20to%20the%20Harvard%20Redbook.%20We%20challenge%20these%20assumptions%20by%20reconsidering%20the%20humanities%20from%20the%20perspective%20of%20a%20corpus%20of%20over%20147%2C000%20relatively%20recent%20national%20and%20campus%20newspaper%20articles.%20Building%20from%20the%20work%20of%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20project%20%28WE1S%29%2C%20we%20employ%20computational%20methods%20to%20analyze%20how%20the%20humanities%20resonate%20in%20the%20daily%20language%20of%20communities%2C%20campuses%2C%20and%20cities%20across%20the%20US.%20We%20compare%20humanities%20discourse%20to%20science%20discourse%2C%20exploring%20the%20distinct%20ways%20that%20each%20type%20of%20discourse%20communicates%20research%2C%20situates%20itself%20institutionally%2C%20and%20discusses%20its%20value.%20Doing%20so%20shifts%20our%20understanding%20of%20both%20terms%20in%20the%20phrase%20%5Cu201cpublic%20humanities.%5Cu201d%20We%20turn%20from%20the%20sweeping%20and%20singular%20conception%20of%20%5Cu201cthe%20public%5Cu201d%20often%20invoked%20by%20calls%20for%20a%20more%20public%20humanities%20to%20the%20multiple%20overlapping%20publics%20instantiated%20through%20the%20journalistic%20discourse%20we%20examine.%20And%20%5Cu201cthe%20humanities%5Cu201d%20becomes%20not%20only%20the%20concept%20named%20by%20articles%20explicitly%20%5Cu201cabout%5Cu201d%20the%20humanities%2C%20but%20also%20the%20accreted%20meaning%20of%20wide-ranging%20mentions%20of%20the%20term%20in%20building%20names%2C%20job%20titles%2C%20and%20announcements.%20Though%20seemingly%20inconsequential%2C%20we%20argue%20that%20such%20uses%20of%20the%20term%20index%20diffuse%20and%20often%20inchoate%20connections%20between%20individuals%2C%20communities%2C%20and%20institutions%20including%2C%20but%20not%20limited%20to%2C%20colleges%20and%20universities.%20Ultimately%2C%20we%20aim%20to%20show%20that%20a%20robust%20understanding%20of%20how%20humanities%20discourse%20already%20interacts%20with%20and%20conceives%20of%20the%20publics%20it%20addresses%20should%20play%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20informing%20ongoing%20and%20future%20public%20humanities%20efforts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturalanalytics.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F32036-the-humanities-in-public-a-computational-analysis-of-us-national-and-campus-newspapers%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-06-06T07%3A43%3A17Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Cultural%20analytics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Distant%20reading%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Sociocultural%20approaches%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Journalism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Student%20journalism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20applied%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20publications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q99VD6CB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%20Everyone%20Says%20about%20the%20Humanities.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMLA%20Newsletter%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2054%2C%20no.%201%20%282022%29%3A%201%2C%204%26%23x2013%3B5.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mla.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F183503%5C%2F3006735%5C%2FNL_54-1_web.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mla.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F183503%5C%2F3006735%5C%2FNL_54-1_web.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ99VD6CB%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20Everyone%20Says%20about%20the%20Humanities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mla.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F183503%5C%2F3006735%5C%2FNL_54-1_web.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-05-30T21%3A24%3A10Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20publications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225U2RJEX9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EThomas%2C%20Lindsay.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20%26%23x2018%3BBig%20Humanities%26%23x2019%3B%3A%20Collaboration%20and%20Team-Based%20Open%20Research%20in%20DH.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20Bridging%20the%20%26%23x201C%3BTwo%20Cultures%26%23x201D%3B%3A%20Interdisciplinary%2C%20Public%2C%20and%20Digital%20Humanities%20Approaches%20to%20STS%2C%20March%204%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5U2RJEX9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20%5C%22Big%20Humanities%5C%22%3A%20Collaboration%20and%20Team-Based%20Open%20Research%20in%20DH%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lindsay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%2004%2C%202021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-03-04T18%3A52%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222S6R3W3N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shadrova%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShadrova%2C%20Anna.%20%26%23x201C%3BTopic%20Models%20Do%20Not%20Model%20Topics%3A%20Epistemological%20Remarks%20and%20Steps%20towards%20Best%20Practices.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Data%20Mining%20%26amp%3B%20Digital%20Humanities%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%202021%20%282021%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.46298%5C%2Fjdmdh.7595%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.46298%5C%2Fjdmdh.7595%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2S6R3W3N%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Topic%20models%20do%20not%20model%20topics%3A%20epistemological%20remarks%20and%20steps%20towards%20best%20practices%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shadrova%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20social%20sciences%20and%20digital%20humanities%20have%20recently%20adopted%20the%20machine%20learning%20technique%20of%20topic%20modeling%20to%20address%20research%20questions%20in%20their%20fields.%20This%20is%20problematic%20in%20a%20number%20of%20ways%2C%20some%20of%20which%20have%20not%20received%20much%20attention%20in%20the%20debate%20yet.%20This%20paper%20adds%20epistemological%20concerns%20centering%20around%20the%20interface%20between%20topic%20modeling%20and%20linguistic%20concepts%20and%20the%20argumentative%20embedding%20of%20evidence%20obtained%20through%20topic%20modeling.%20It%20concludes%20that%20topic%20modeling%20in%20its%20present%20state%20of%20methodological%20integration%20does%20not%20meet%20the%20requirements%20of%20an%20independent%20research%20method.%20It%20operates%20from%20relevantly%20unrealistic%20assumptions%2C%20is%20non-deterministic%2C%20cannot%20effectively%20be%20validated%20against%20a%20reasonable%20number%20of%20competing%20models%2C%20does%20not%20lock%20into%20a%20well-defined%20linguistic%20interface%2C%20and%20does%20not%20scholarly%20model%20topics%20in%20the%20sense%20of%20themes%20or%20content.%20These%20features%20are%20intrinsic%20and%20make%20the%20interpretation%20of%20its%20results%20prone%20to%20apophenia%20%28the%20human%20tendency%20to%20perceive%20random%20sets%20of%20elements%20as%20meaningful%20patterns%29%20and%20confirmation%20bias%20%28the%20human%20tendency%20to%20perceptually%20prefer%20patterns%20that%20are%20in%20alignment%20with%20pre-existing%20biases%29.%20While%20partial%20validation%20of%20the%20statistical%20model%20is%20possible%2C%20a%20conceptual%20validation%20would%20require%20an%20extended%20triangulation%20with%20other%20methods%20and%20human%20ratings%2C%20and%20clarification%20of%20whether%20statistical%20distinctivity%20of%20lexical%20co-occurrence%20correlates%20with%20conceputal%20topics%20in%20any%20reliable%20way.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.46298%5C%2Fjdmdh.7595%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjdmdh.episciences.org%5C%2F8608%5C%2Fpdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-01-04T21%3A14%3A57Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20interpretation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226AG5KZIW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhang%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EZhang%2C%20Yu%2C%20Peter%20Ti%26%23x148%3Bo%2C%20Ale%26%23x161%3B%20Leonardis%2C%20and%20Ke%20Tang.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Survey%20on%20Neural%20Network%20Interpretability.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EIEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Emerging%20Topics%20in%20Computational%20Intelligence%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%205%2C%20no.%205%20%282021%29%3A%20726%26%23x2013%3B42.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTETCI.2021.3100641%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1109%5C%2FTETCI.2021.3100641%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D6AG5KZIW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Survey%20on%20Neural%20Network%20Interpretability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ti%5Cu0148o%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ale%5Cu0161%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leonardis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Along%20with%20the%20great%20success%20of%20deep%20neural%20networks%2C%20there%20is%20also%20growing%20concern%20about%20their%20black-box%20nature.%20The%20interpretability%20issue%20affects%20people%27s%20trust%20on%20deep%20learning%20systems.%20It%20is%20also%20related%20to%20many%20ethical%20problems%2C%20e.g.%2C%20algorithmic%20discrimination.%20Moreover%2C%20interpretability%20is%20a%20desired%20property%20for%20deep%20networks%20to%20become%20powerful%20tools%20in%20other%20research%20fields%2C%20e.g.%2C%20drug%20discovery%20and%20genomics.%20In%20this%20survey%2C%20we%20conduct%20a%20comprehensive%20review%20of%20the%20neural%20network%20interpretability%20research.%20We%20first%20clarify%20the%20definition%20of%20interpretability%20as%20it%20has%20been%20used%20in%20many%20different%20contexts.%20Then%20we%20elaborate%20on%20the%20importance%20of%20interpretability%20and%20propose%20a%20novel%20taxonomy%20organized%20along%20three%20dimensions%3A%20type%20of%20engagement%20%28passive%20vs.%20active%20interpretation%20approaches%29%2C%20the%20type%20of%20explanation%2C%20and%20the%20focus%20%28from%20local%20to%20global%20interpretability%29.%20This%20taxonomy%20provides%20a%20meaningful%203D%20view%20of%20distribution%20of%20papers%20from%20the%20relevant%20literature%20as%20two%20of%20the%20dimensions%20are%20not%20simply%20categorical%20but%20allow%20ordinal%20subcategories.%20Finally%2C%20we%20summarize%20the%20existing%20interpretability%20evaluation%20methods%20and%20suggest%20possible%20research%20directions%20inspired%20by%20our%20new%20taxonomy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1109%5C%2FTETCI.2021.3100641%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222471-285X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-30T23%3A04%3A22Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Interpretability%20and%20explainability%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NCDARIXF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%20Everyone%20Says%20About%20the%20Humanities%3A%20The%20Challenge%20Posed%20by%20the%20Public%20Perception%20of%20the%20Humanities%20in%20the%20Media.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20Authors%26%23x2019%3B%20meeting%20for%20contributors%20to%20a%20special%20issue%20of%20the%20Daedalus%20journal%20on%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life.%5C%22%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNCDARIXF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20Everyone%20Says%20About%20the%20Humanities%3A%20The%20Challenge%20Posed%20by%20the%20Public%20Perception%20of%20the%20Humanities%20in%20the%20Media%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Talk%20presented%20over%20Zoom%20at%20the%20authors%5Cu2019%20meeting%20for%20contributors%20to%20a%20special%20issue%20of%20the%20Daedalus%20journal%20on%20%5Cu201cThe%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life.%5C%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-11T21%3A26%3A08Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z7VMBYAP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhatEvery1Says%3A%20Data%20Mining%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20the%20Humanities.%26%23x201D%3B%20The%20Education%20University%20of%20Hong%20Kong%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ7VMBYAP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WhatEvery1Says%3A%20Data%20Mining%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20the%20Humanities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%28Talk%20presented%20over%20Zoom%29%3A%20%5Cn%5CnBacked%20by%20a%20three-year%2C%20%241.1%20million%20grant%20from%20the%20Andrew%20W.%20Mellon%20Foundation%2C%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20%28WE1S%29%20project%20uses%20digital%20humanities%20methods%5Cu2014primarily%20topic%20modeling%2C%20complemented%20by%20such%20other%20methods%20as%20text%20classification%5Cu2014to%20study%20media%20discourse%20about%20the%20humanities%20at%20big%20data%20scales.%20Alan%20Liu%2C%20director%20of%20WE1S%2C%20will%20give%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20project%20and%20its%20open-source%20datasets%20and%20topic-model%20analysis%2C%20visualization%2C%20and%20interpretation%20tools%20%28as%20well%20as%20its%20surveys%20of%20students%20and%20others%20providing%20a%20ground-truth%20perspective%20on%20views%20on%20the%20humanities%29.%20He%20will%20also%20highlight%20selected%20project%20outputs%2C%20including%20explanations%20of%20findings%2C%20methods%2C%20data%2C%20and%20tools%20in%20a%20%5Cu201ccard%5Cu201d%20format%20inspired%20by%20new%20practices%20in%20data-model%20reporting.%5CnThe%20goal%20of%20the%20WE1S%20project%20is%20to%20provide%20advocates%20for%20the%20humanities%20with%20research-based%20materials%20and%20strategies%20for%20effective%20communication%20about%20the%20value%20of%20humanistic%20study%20and%20knowledge%20in%20today%5Cu2019s%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-11T21%3A21%3A34Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JAZ5Y7SD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BResearch-Based%20Humanities%20Advocacy%3A%204Humanities.Org%20and%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20Project.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%2025Humans%20For%20the%20Humanities%20group%2C%20Goethe%20University%2C%20Frankfurt%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJAZ5Y7SD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Research-based%20Humanities%20Advocacy%3A%204Humanities.org%20and%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20Project%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Talk%20for%20the%2025Humans%20For%20the%20Humanities%20initiative%20%28delivered%20over%20Zoom%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-12-11T21%3A18%3A45Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22866BZVZX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reitter%20and%20Wellmon%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EReitter%2C%20Paul%2C%20and%20Chad%20Wellmon.%20%3Ci%3EPermanent%20Crisis%3A%20The%20Humanities%20in%20a%20Disenchanted%20Age%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Chicago%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20London%3A%20University%20Of%20Chicago%20Press%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D866BZVZX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Permanent%20crisis%3A%20the%20humanities%20in%20a%20disenchanted%20age%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reitter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wellmon%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20humanities%2C%20considered%20by%20many%20as%20irrelevant%20for%20modern%20careers%20and%20hopelessly%20devoid%20of%20funding%2C%20seem%20to%20be%20in%20a%20perpetual%20state%20of%20crisis%2C%20at%20the%20mercy%20of%20modernizing%20and%20technological%20forces%20that%20are%20driving%20universities%20towards%20academic%20pursuits%20that%20pull%20in%20grant%20money%20and%20direct%20students%20to%20lucrative%20careers.%20But%20as%20Paul%20Reitter%20and%20Chad%20Wellmon%20show%2C%20this%20crisis%20isn%5Cu2019t%20new%5Cu2014in%20fact%2C%20it%5Cu2019s%20as%20old%20as%20the%20humanities%20themselves.%20%5Cn%5CnToday%5Cu2019s%20humanities%20scholars%20experience%20and%20react%20to%20basic%20pressures%20in%20ways%20that%20are%20strikingly%20similar%20to%20their%20nineteenth-century%20German%20counterparts.%20The%20humanities%20came%20into%20their%20own%20as%20scholars%20framed%20their%20work%20as%20a%20unique%20resource%20for%20resolving%20crises%20of%20meaning%20and%20value%20that%20threatened%20other%20cultural%20or%20social%20goods.%20The%20self-understanding%20of%20the%20modern%20humanities%20didn%5Cu2019t%20merely%20take%20shape%20in%20response%20to%20a%20perceived%20crisis%3B%20it%20also%20made%20crisis%20a%20core%20part%20of%20its%20project.%20Through%20this%20critical%2C%20historical%20perspective%2C%20Permanent%20Crisis%20can%20take%20scholars%20and%20anyone%20who%20cares%20about%20the%20humanities%20beyond%20the%20usual%20scolding%2C%20exhorting%2C%20and%20hand-wringing%20into%20clearer%2C%20more%20effective%20thinking%20about%20the%20fate%20of%20the%20humanities.%20Building%20on%20ideas%20from%20Max%20Weber%20and%20Friedrich%20Nietzsche%20to%20Helen%20Small%20and%20Danielle%20Allen%2C%20Reitter%20and%20Wellmon%20dig%20into%20the%20very%20idea%20of%20the%20humanities%20as%20a%20way%20to%20find%20meaning%20and%20coherence%20in%20the%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-226-73806-2%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-18T07%3A13%3A10Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22History%20of%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%2C%22type%22%3A1%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MN68CFZW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhatEvery1Says%3A%20Data%20Mining%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20the%20Humanities.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20Digital%20Tools%20for%20Interdisciplinary%20Humanities%20Research%20Workshop%20Series%2C%20UC%20Merced%20Public%20Humanities%20Design%20Studio%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Merced%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMN68CFZW%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WhatEvery1Says%3A%20Data%20Mining%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20the%20Humanities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Backed%20by%20a%20three-year%2C%20%241.1%20million%20grant%20from%20the%20Andrew%20W.%20Mellon%20Foundation%2C%20the%20WhatEvery1Says%20%28WE1S%29%20project%20uses%20digital%20humanities%20methods%5Cu2014primarily%20topic%20modeling%2C%20complemented%20by%20such%20other%20methods%20as%20text%20classification%5Cu2014to%20study%20media%20discourse%20about%20the%20humanities%20at%20big%20data%20scales.%20Alan%20Liu%2C%20director%20of%20WE1S%2C%20will%20give%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20project%20and%20its%20open-source%20datasets%20and%20topic-model%20analysis%2C%20visualization%2C%20and%20interpretation%20tools%20%28as%20well%20as%20its%20surveys%20of%20students%20and%20others%20providing%20a%20ground-truth%20perspective%20on%20views%20on%20the%20humanities%29.%20He%20will%20also%20highlight%20selected%20project%20outputs%2C%20including%20explanations%20of%20findings%2C%20methods%2C%20data%2C%20and%20tools%20in%20a%20%5Cu201ccard%5Cu201d%20format%20inspired%20by%20new%20practices%20in%20data-model%20reporting.%5CnThe%20goal%20of%20the%20WE1S%20project%20is%20to%20provide%20advocates%20for%20the%20humanities%20with%20research-based%20materials%20and%20strategies%20for%20effective%20communication%20about%20the%20value%20of%20humanistic%20study%20and%20knowledge%20in%20today%5Cu2019s%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-06T22%3A58%3A15Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TDGQ8KQU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Open%20Lab%20Notebooks%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EOpen%20Lab%20Notebooks.%20%26%23x201C%3BHome%20Page.%26%23x201D%3B%20openlabnotebooks.org%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenlabnotebooks.org%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenlabnotebooks.org%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTDGQ8KQU%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Home%20page%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Open%20Lab%20Notebooks%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20a%20groundbreaking%20initiative%2C%20scientists%20around%20the%20world%20from%20Universities%20in%20Canada%2C%20France%2C%20Sweden%2C%20the%20UK%2C%20and%20the%20USA%20are%20starting%20to%20share%20their%20laboratory%20notebooks%20live%2C%20online.%20We%20believe%20that%20making%20our%20research%2C%20data%2C%20and%20protocols%20available%20on%20a%20day-to-day%20basis%20will%20generate%20scientific%20ideas%20and%20discussions%2C%20avoid%20redundancy%2C%20foster%20collaborations%2C%20and%20accelerate%20progress.%20Our%20hope%20is%20that%20this%20initiative%20will%20inspire%20others%20to%20follow.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenlabnotebooks.org%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-06T22%3A05%3A08Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Open%20lab%20notebooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Open%20science%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZV69TQ9D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dickson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDickson%2C%20Ben.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20New%20Technique%20Called%20%26%23x2018%3BConcept%20Whitening%26%23x2019%3B%20Promises%20to%20Provide%20Neural%20Network%20Interpretability.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EVentureBeat%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202021.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fventurebeat.com%5C%2F2021%5C%2F01%5C%2F12%5C%2Fa-new-technique-called-concept-whitening-promises-to-provide-neural-network-interpretability%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fventurebeat.com%5C%2F2021%5C%2F01%5C%2F12%5C%2Fa-new-technique-called-concept-whitening-promises-to-provide-neural-network-interpretability%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZV69TQ9D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20new%20technique%20called%20%5Cu2018concept%20whitening%5Cu2019%20promises%20to%20provide%20neural%20network%20interpretability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dickson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5C%22Concept%20whitening%5C%22%20can%20help%20steer%20neural%20networks%20toward%20learning%20specific%20concepts%20without%20sacrificing%20performance.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22VentureBeat%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fventurebeat.com%5C%2F2021%5C%2F01%5C%2F12%5C%2Fa-new-technique-called-concept-whitening-promises-to-provide-neural-network-interpretability%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-15T20%3A17%3A48Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Artificial%20intelligence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Interpretability%20and%20explainability%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RLYXHCHM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmerican%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences.%20%26%23x201C%3BHumanities%20in%20American%20Life%20Survey%2C%26%23x201D%3B%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fhumanities-indicators%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-survey%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fhumanities-indicators%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-survey%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRLYXHCHM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%20Survey%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20fall%202019%20the%20American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%5Cu2019%20Humanities%20Indicators%20project%2C%20with%20funding%20from%20The%20Andrew%20W.%20Mellon%20Foundation%2C%20administered%20the%20first%20nationally%20representative%20survey%20dedicated%20to%20understanding%20Americans%5Cu2019%20engagement%20with%20and%20attitudes%20toward%20the%20humanities.%20The%20survey%20asked%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%205%2C015%20American%20adults%2C%20age%2018%20and%20above%20...%20how%20often%20they%20engage%20in%20different%20humanities%20activities%20and%20what%20they%20believe%20the%20humanities%20contribute%20to%20the%20American%20experience.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fhumanities-indicators%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life-survey%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-30T23%3A51%3A06Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20statistics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20surveys%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Value%20of%20humanities%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YBHGFYCA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kapadia%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKapadia%2C%20Shashank.%20%26%23x201C%3BEvaluate%20Topic%20Models%3A%20Latent%20Dirichlet%20Allocation%20%28LDA%29.%26%23x201D%3B%20Medium%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%5C%2Fevaluate-topic-model-in-python-latent-dirichlet-allocation-lda-7d57484bb5d0%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%5C%2Fevaluate-topic-model-in-python-latent-dirichlet-allocation-lda-7d57484bb5d0%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYBHGFYCA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evaluate%20Topic%20Models%3A%20Latent%20Dirichlet%20Allocation%20%28LDA%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shashank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kapadia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20step-by-step%20guide%20to%20building%20interpretable%20topic%20models.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftowardsdatascience.com%5C%2Fevaluate-topic-model-in-python-latent-dirichlet-allocation-lda-7d57484bb5d0%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-02-15T08%3A36%3A04Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20interpretation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20optimization%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I8CX7MQX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20Ashley%20S.%2C%20Poom%20Chiarawongse%2C%20Jo%20Guldi%2C%20and%20Andras%20Zsom.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Role%20of%20Critical%20Thinking%20in%20Humanities%20Infrastructure%3A%20The%20Pipeline%20Concept%20with%20a%20Study%20of%20HaToRI%20%28Hansard%20Topic%20Relevance%20Identifier%29.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EDigital%20Humanities%20Quarterly%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2014%2C%20no.%203%20%282020%29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.digitalhumanities.org%5C%2Fdhq%5C%2Fvol%5C%2F14%5C%2F3%5C%2F000481%5C%2F000481.html%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.digitalhumanities.org%5C%2Fdhq%5C%2Fvol%5C%2F14%5C%2F3%5C%2F000481%5C%2F000481.html%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DI8CX7MQX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Role%20of%20Critical%20Thinking%20in%20Humanities%20Infrastructure%3A%20The%20Pipeline%20Concept%20with%20a%20Study%20of%20HaToRI%20%28Hansard%20Topic%20Relevance%20Identifier%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ashley%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Poom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chiarawongse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guldi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andras%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zsom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20proposes%20the%20concept%20of%20the%20pipeline%20as%20a%20category%20of%20tool%20that%20organizes%20a%20series%20of%20algorithms%20for%20users.%20The%20pipeline%20concept%2C%20adopted%20with%20limitations%20by%20the%20humanities%2C%20documents%20how%20a%20suite%20of%20algorithms%20produces%20a%20particular%20research%20result%2C%20with%20the%20goal%20of%20enabling%20interoperability%2C%20transparency%2C%20and%20iteration%20by%20future%20scholars%20who%20may%20switch%20out%20particular%20algorithms%20within%20the%20pipeline%20with%20different%20results.%20A%20pipeline-based%20application%20amplifies%20the%20concepts%20of%20interoperability%20and%20transparency%20for%20users%20by%20allowing%20the%20researcher%20to%20toggle%20on%20and%20off%20particular%20options%2C%20for%20example%20selecting%20and%20deselecting%20particular%20topics%20of%20interest%20from%20a%20program%20of%20visualizations%20based%20on%20a%20topic%20model%20of%20a%20large%20body%20of%20text.%20Pipelines%20support%20modular%2C%20interoperable%2C%20transparent%2C%20and%20documented%20processes%20of%20research%20that%20lend%20themselves%20to%20Prof.%20Guldi%27s%20Theory%20of%20Critical%20Search%20%5Cu2014%20the%20argument%20that%20critical%20thinking%20increasingly%20takes%20place%20at%20the%20design%20and%20research%20stage%20of%20digital%20processes.%20The%20article%20presents%20the%20case%20of%20how%20the%20pipeline%20concept%20influenced%20the%20development%20of%20HaToRI%20%28Hansard%20Topic%20Relevance%20Identifier%29%2C%20an%20open-source%20pipeline-based%20tool%20for%20identifying%20a%20cohort%20of%20thematically-linked%20passages%20in%20the%20nineteenth-century%20debates%20of%20Britain%27s%20parliament.%20In%20our%20pipeline%2C%20a%20series%20of%20algorithms%20move%20through%20the%20steps%20of%20cleaning%20a%20corpus%2C%20organizing%20them%20into%20topics%2C%20and%20selecting%20particular%20topics%20that%20are%20used%20to%20extract%20a%20sub-corpus%20that%20matches%20the%20user%5Cu2019s%20interests.%20Users%20have%20the%20option%20of%20searching%20based%20on%20multiple%20topics%20rather%20than%20merely%20keywords%20or%20a%20single%20topic%20at%20a%20time%2C%20allowing%20iterative%20searches%20to%20build%20upon%20each%20other.%20As%20an%20example%20of%20the%20Critical%20Search%20process%20in%20action%2C%20we%20follow%20an%20inquiry%20based%20on%20matching%20parliamentary%20reports%20with%20material%20from%20the%20Hansard%20British%20Parliamentary%20Debates.%20Using%20the%20pipeline%2C%20the%20user%20is%20able%20to%20identify%20multiple%20common%20topics%20of%20interest%2C%20and%20from%20these%20topics%2C%20extract%20a%20sub-corpus%20specific%20to%20land%20use%20and%20rent%20in%20the%2019th%20century%20British%20Empire.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-4122%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.digitalhumanities.org%5C%2Fdhq%5C%2Fvol%5C%2F14%5C%2F3%5C%2F000481%5C%2F000481.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-27T20%3A58%3A16Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Cultural%20analytics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Distant%20reading%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F8A6M4WN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Klein%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKlein%2C%20Lauren%20F.%20%26%23x201C%3BDimensions%20of%20Scale%3A%20Invisible%20Labor%2C%20Editorial%20Work%2C%20and%20the%20Future%20of%20Quantitative%20Literary%20Studies.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EPMLA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20135%2C%20no.%201%20%282020%29%3A%2023%26%23x2013%3B39.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.23%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.23%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF8A6M4WN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dimensions%20of%20Scale%3A%20Invisible%20Labor%2C%20Editorial%20Work%2C%20and%20the%20Future%20of%20Quantitative%20Literary%20Studies%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20essay%20calls%20for%20a%20conceptual%20reorientation%20of%20how%20quantitative%20methods%20in%20literary%20studies%20are%20currently%20framed%2C%20arguing%20for%20an%20expansion%20from%20a%20linear%20model%20bounded%20by%20the%20endpoints%20of%20distant%20and%20close%20to%20a%20space%20defined%20by%20multiple%20dimensions%20of%20scale.%20I%20explore%20the%20axis%20bounded%20by%20visible%20and%20invisible%20as%20an%20example%20of%20one%20of%20the%20additional%20dimensions%20that%20might%20constitute%20this%20expanded%20conceptual%20frame.%20In%20demonstrating%20its%20potential%20for%20producing%20new%20knowledge%2C%20I%20examine%20the%20editorial%20work%20of%20two%20women%20abolitionists%2C%20Mary%20Ann%20Shadd%20%281823%5Cu201393%29%20and%20Lydia%20Maria%20Child%20%281802%5Cu201380%29.%20I%20show%20how%20topic%20modeling%20and%20statistical%20analysis%20can%20help%20identify%20and%20describe%20their%20invisible%20editorial%20labor.%20I%20thus%20provide%20an%20additional%20layer%20of%20evidence%20in%20support%20of%20the%20argument%20that%20positions%20women%2C%20and%20black%20women%20in%20particular%2C%20at%20abolition%5Cu2019s%20vanguard.%20I%20also%20show%20how%20both%20women%20employed%20editing%20as%20a%20method%20of%20community%20formation%20and%20world%20building.%20I%20conclude%20by%20extending%20the%20example%20of%20editorial%20work%20to%20the%20labor%20required%20to%20perform%20quantitative%20work%20today%2C%20underscoring%20the%20importance%20of%20expanding%20the%20frame%20in%20which%20quantitative%20methods%20in%20literary%20study%20are%20conceptualized%20and%20deployed.%20%28LFK%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.23%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030-8129%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mlajournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.23%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-07-01T21%3A08%3A26Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Distant%20reading%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Sociocultural%20approaches%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BL9YAXNY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pardo-Guerra%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPardo-Guerra%2C%20Juan%20Pablo.%20%26%23x201C%3BDoing%20Things%20with%20Bags-of-Words.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EScatterplot%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscatter.wordpress.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F02%5C%2F19%5C%2Fdoing-things-with-bags-of-words%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscatter.wordpress.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F02%5C%2F19%5C%2Fdoing-things-with-bags-of-words%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBL9YAXNY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22doing%20things%20with%20bags-of-words%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Juan%20Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pardo-Guerra%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BExcerpts%20from%20beginning%20of%20post%3A%5D%20In%20teaching%20topic%20models%2C%20I%20decided%20to%20try%20an%20experiment%20this%20year....%20The%20exercise%20has%20three%20specific%20learning%20outcomes.%20The%20first%20is%20to%20familiarize%20students%20with%20the%20type%20of%20problem%20solved%20by%20LDA%20topic%20models...The%20second%20expected%20learning%20outcome%20is%20to%20underscore%20the%20importance%20of%20expert%20knowledge%20in%20evaluating%20and%20interpreting%20the%20output%20of%20topic%20models....Finally%2C%20the%20third%20learning%20outcome%20is%20to%20get%20students%20to%20reflect%20about%20the%20conceptual%20integrity%20of%20data....%5Cn%5CnThe%20exercise%20proceeds%20as%20follows.%20Prior%20to%20class%2C%20I%20printed%20similar-length%20fragments%20from%20four%20classical%20books%5Cu2014Lewis%20Carroll%5Cu2019s%20Alice%20in%20Wonderland%2C%20Charles%20Dickens%5Cu2019%20Tale%20of%20Two%20Cities%2C%20Charles%20Darwin%5Cu2019s%20The%20Origins%20of%20Species%2C%20and%20Karl%20Marx%5Cu2019s%20Capital.%20I%20then%20fastidiously%20cut%20each%20of%20the%201495%20words%20from%20the%20printouts%20and%20threw%20them%20in%20a%20bag.%20I%20thus%20arrived%20at%20class%20the%20following%20day%20with%20a%20literal%20bag-of-words.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22scatterplot%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fscatter.wordpress.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F02%5C%2F19%5C%2Fdoing-things-with-bags-of-words%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-02-22T01%3A29%3A38Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20introductions%20and%20tutorials%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UJTJNNWD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lee%20and%20Beckelhimer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELee%2C%20James%20Jaehoon%2C%20and%20Joshua%20Beckelhimer.%20%26%23x201C%3BAnthropocene%20and%20Empire%3A%20Discourse%20Networks%20of%20the%20Human%20Record.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EPMLA%5C%2FPublications%20of%20the%20Modern%20Language%20Association%20of%20America%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20135%2C%20no.%201%20%282020%29%3A%20110%26%23x2013%3B29.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.110%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.110%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUJTJNNWD%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Anthropocene%20and%20Empire%3A%20Discourse%20Networks%20of%20the%20Human%20Record%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20Jaehoon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joshua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beckelhimer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Scientists%20have%20recently%20proposed%201610%20as%20a%20candidate%20for%20the%20first%20year%20of%20the%20new%20geological%20epoch%20known%20as%20the%20Anthropocene.%20They%20pinpoint%20the%20rise%20of%20European%20colonialism%20and%20the%20global%20movement%20of%20life%20among%20ecosystems%20it%20precipitated%20as%20the%20triggers%20for%20measurable%20changes%20in%20the%20earth%20system.%20We%20used%20digital%20humanities%20methods%20to%20mine%20historical%20archives%20to%20evaluate%20the%20relations%20among%20colonialism%2C%20early%20modern%20globalism%2C%20and%20the%20origins%20of%20the%20Anthropocene.%20We%20suggest%20that%20the%20Anthropocene%20was%20initiated%20by%20a%20premodern%20earth%20system%20that%20defined%20life%20across%20the%20globe%20in%20spatial%20terms%2C%20furthering%20the%20goals%20of%20empire%5Cu2014a%20regime%20of%20biopower%20that%20has%20not%20been%20adequately%20acknowledged%20in%20debates%20on%20the%20Anthropocene.%20We%20propose%20that%20the%20idea%20of%20empire%2C%20rather%20than%20Enlightenment%20narratives%20of%20progress%20and%20scientific%20modernity%2C%20must%20be%20considered%20in%20our%20definition%20of%20the%20Anthropocene.%20%28JJL%20and%20JB%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.110%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030-8129%2C%201938-1530%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fproduct%5C%2Fidentifier%5C%2FS0030812900127579%5C%2Ftype%5C%2Fjournal_article%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-14T07%3A34%3A17Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Cultural%20analytics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Digital%20humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DH%20Distant%20reading%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20applied%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20visualization%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NALWX96B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Allen%20and%20Murdock%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAllen%2C%20Colin%2C%20and%20Jaimie%20Murdock.%20%26%23x201C%3BLDA%20Topic%20Modeling%3A%20Contexts%20for%20the%20History%20%26amp%3B%20Philosophy%20of%20Science.%26%23x201D%3B%20Preprint%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fphilsci-archive.pitt.edu%5C%2F17261%5C%2F%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fphilsci-archive.pitt.edu%5C%2F17261%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNALWX96B%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22LDA%20Topic%20Modeling%3A%20Contexts%20for%20the%20History%20%26%20Philosophy%20of%20Science%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaimie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Murdock%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20paper%20we%20discuss%20the%20application%20of%20LDA%20topic%20modeling%20to%20questions%20that%20interest%20historians%20%26%20philosophers%20of%20science%2C%20which%20we%20illustrate%20primarily%20through%20our%20own%20work%20on%20modeling%20Charles%20Darwin%27s%20reading%20and%20writing%20behavior.%20We%20discuss%20the%20need%20to%20go%20beyond%20simplistic%20presentations%20of%20topic%20models%20that%20tend%20to%20give%20scholars%20the%20idea%20that%20the%20algorithms%20produce%20results%20that%20are%20superficial%20and%20perhaps%20unreliable.%20The%20ways%20in%20which%20topic%20models%20are%20often%20misrepresented%20and%20misunderstood%20frame%20our%20attempt%20to%20convince%20readers%20that%2C%20despite%20appearances%2C%20topic%20modeling%20provides%20a%20lot%20more%20of%20value%20to%20HPS%20research%20than%20merely%20providing%20for%20enhanced%20search%20and%20information%20retrieval%20from%20large%20sets%20of%20documents.%20Rather%20than%20%5C%22topics%5C%22%20we%20prefer%20to%20think%20of%20these%20topic%20models%20as%20revealing%20contexts%20for%20individual%20reading%20and%20wrote%2C%20leading%20us%20to%20ask%20questions%20about%20the%20individual%20exploration%20and%20exploitation%20of%20the%20materials%20to%20which%20a%20scientist%20such%20as%20Darwin%20had%20access.%20We%20discuss%20the%20use%20of%20topic%20models%20as%20tools%20for%20identifying%20influence%20and%20measuring%20creativity%20within%20those%20contexts%20and%20conclude%20that%20the%20interplay%20between%20human%20intelligence%20and%20sophisticated%20algorithms%20will%20expand%20the%20range%20of%20questions%20about%20science%20that%20HPS%20scholars%20will%20ask%2C%20and%20can%20answer.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fphilsci-archive.pitt.edu%5C%2F17261%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-29T10%3A21%3A47Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20interpretation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2249QSYPXT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Smith%20and%20Cordes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESmith%2C%20Gary%2C%20and%20Jay%20Cordes.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Phantom%20Pattern%20Problem%3A%20The%20Mirage%20of%20Big%20Data%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20First%20edition.%20Oxford%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20New%20York%2C%20NY%3A%20Oxford%20University%20Press%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D49QSYPXT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20phantom%20pattern%20problem%3A%20the%20mirage%20of%20big%20data%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jay%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cordes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pattern-recognition%20prowess%20served%20our%20ancestors%20well%2C%20but%20today%20we%20are%20confronted%20by%20a%20deluge%20of%20data%20that%20is%20far%20more%20abstract%2C%20complicated%2C%20and%20difficult%20to%20interpret.%20The%20number%20of%20possible%20patterns%20that%20can%20be%20identified%20relative%20to%20the%20number%20that%20are%20genuinely%20useful%20has%20grown%20exponentially%20-%20which%20means%20that%20the%20chances%20that%20a%20discovered%20pattern%20is%20useful%20is%20rapidly%20approaching%20zero.%5Cn%5CnPatterns%20in%20data%20are%20often%20used%20as%20evidence%2C%20but%20how%20can%20you%20tell%20if%20that%20evidence%20is%20worth%20believing%3F%20We%20are%20hard-wired%20to%20notice%20patterns%20and%20to%20think%20that%20the%20patterns%20we%20notice%20are%20meaningful.%20Streaks%2C%20clusters%2C%20and%20correlations%20are%20the%20norm%2C%20not%20the%20exception.%20Our%20challenge%20is%20to%20overcome%20our%20inherited%20inclination%20to%20think%20that%20all%20patterns%20are%20significant%2C%20as%20in%20this%20age%20of%20Big%20Data%20patterns%20are%20inevitable%20and%20usually%20coincidental.%5Cn%5CnThrough%20countless%20examples%2C%20The%20Phantom%20Pattern%20Problem%20is%20an%20engaging%20read%20that%20helps%20us%20avoid%20being%20duped%20by%20data%2C%20tricked%20into%20worthless%20investing%20strategies%2C%20or%20scared%20out%20of%20getting%20vaccinations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-19-886416-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-07-01T06%3A42%3A08Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20mining%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Interpretability%20and%20explainability%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YSBEFCW6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Humanities%20Indicators%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHumanities%20Indicators.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%3A%20Insights%20from%20a%202019%20Survey%20of%20the%20Public%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Attitudes%20%26amp%3B%20Engagement.%26%23x201D%3B%20Washington%2C%20D.C%3A%20American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYSBEFCW6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Humanities%20in%20American%20Life%3A%20Insights%20from%20a%202019%20Survey%20of%20the%20Public%5Cu2019s%20Attitudes%20%26%20Engagement%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Humanities%20Indicators%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20national%20survey%20by%20the%20Academy%27s%20Humanities%20Indicators%20reveals%20considerable%20public%20engagement%20in%20a%20range%20of%20humanities%20activities%20at%20home%20and%20in%20the%20workplace%2C%20as%20well%20as%20wide%20support%20that%20the%20humanities%20confer%20personal%2C%20societal%2C%20and%20economic%20benefits.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fhumanities-american-life%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-26T08%3A32%3A27Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20surveys%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228II9MY3H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BToward%20a%20Diversity%20Stack%3A%20Digital%20Humanities%20and%20Diversity%20as%20Technical%20Problem.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EPMLA%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20135%2C%20no.%201%20%282020%29%3A%20130%26%23x2013%3B51.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.130%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.130%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8II9MY3H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Toward%20a%20Diversity%20Stack%3A%20Digital%20Humanities%20and%20Diversity%20as%20Technical%20Problem%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22How%20can%20the%20digital%20humanities%20help%20support%20humanities%20scholarship%20on%20diversity%20both%20ideologically%20and%20technically%3F%20This%20essay%20abandons%20the%20diversity%20paradigm%20prevalent%20in%20DH%5Cu2014the%20%5Cu201cbig%20tent%5Cu201d%5Cu2014for%20a%20more%20technically%20functional%20one%3A%20the%20%5Cu201cstack.%5Cu201d%20It%20proposes%20that%20DH%20can%20create%20a%20%5Cu201cdiversity%20stack%5Cu201d%20%28conceptually%20like%20the%20%5Cu201cInternet%20protocol%20stack%5Cu201d%29%20that%20combines%20technical%20and%20theoretical%20strategies%20for%20advancing%20scholarship%20on%20diversity.%20From%20low%20to%20high%2C%20crucial%20levels%20in%20such%20a%20stacked%20approach%20include%20technical%20methods%20for%20dealing%20with%20multilingualism%2C%20multimedia%2C%20unrepresentative%20corpora%2C%20geopolitical%20and%20temporal%20organizations%20of%20identity%2C%20and%20the%20theory%20of%20identity.%20%28AL%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.130%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220030-8129%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mlajournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1632%5C%2Fpmla.2020.135.1.130%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-29T22%3A10%3A40Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Archives%20as%20paradigm%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Corpus%20representativeness%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20social%20groups%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20publications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DBNADCAY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBaker%2C%20Rebecca.%20%26%23x201C%3BUsing%20Grounded%20Theory%20to%20Construct%20the%20WE1S%20Hand-Codebook.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EWE1S%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fusing-grounded-theory-to-construct-the-we1s-hand-codebook%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fusing-grounded-theory-to-construct-the-we1s-hand-codebook%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDBNADCAY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20Grounded%20Theory%20to%20Construct%20the%20WE1S%20Hand-Codebook%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BExcerpt%3A%5D%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20essay%20is%20to%20explain%20how%20our%20team%20used%20a%20modified%20Constructivist%20Grounded%20Theory%20approach%20to%20develop%20a%20hand-codebook%20for%20the%20WE1S%20project%2C%20meant%20to%20both%20compliment%20and%20provide%20a%20slightly%20different%20perspective%20on%20our%20larger%20corpus%20and%20central%20questions.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22WE1S%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fusing-grounded-theory-to-construct-the-we1s-hand-codebook%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-25T22%3A48%3A48Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Grounded%20theory%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20blog%20post%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222TJL9B2H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Droge%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDroge%2C%20Abigail.%20%26%23x201C%3BWE1S%20to%20Develop%20%26%23x2018%3BResearch-to-Action%20Toolkits.%26%23x2019%3B%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EWE1S%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fwe1s-to-develop-research-to-action-toolkits%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fwe1s-to-develop-research-to-action-toolkits%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2TJL9B2H%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WE1S%20to%20Develop%20%5Cu201cResearch-to-Action%20Toolkits%5Cu201d%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Droge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22WhatEvery1Says%20is%20excited%20to%20announce%20that%20the%20project%20will%20be%20developing%20and%20launching%20a%20series%20of%20Research-to-Action%20Toolkits%20in%202020%20to%20present%20our%20research%20findings.%20Each%20Toolkit%20will%20be%20struct%5Cu2026%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22WE1S%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fwe1s-to-develop-research-to-action-toolkits%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-25T22%3A47%3A08Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Reporting%20and%20documentation%20methods%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20blog%20post%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T4FQIQ85%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Droge%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDroge%2C%20Abigail.%20%26%23x201C%3BReading%20Communities%3A%20The%20Social%20Life%20of%20Literature%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Social%20Distancing.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EWE1S%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Freading-communities-the-social-life-of-literature-in-a-time-of-social-distancing%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Freading-communities-the-social-life-of-literature-in-a-time-of-social-distancing%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DT4FQIQ85%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reading%20Communities%3A%20The%20Social%20Life%20of%20Literature%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Social%20Distancing%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abigail%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Droge%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%3A%5D%20As%20a%20way%20of%20documenting%20the%20experience%20of%20teaching%20during%20COVID-19%2C%20I%20want%20to%20share%20the%20WE1S-affiliated%20class%20that%20I%20am%20currently%20adapting%20to%20an%20online%20format%3A%20%5Cu201cReading%20Communities%3A%20The%20Social%20Life%20of%20Literature.%5Cu201d%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22WE1S%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Freading-communities-the-social-life-of-literature-in-a-time-of-social-distancing%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-25T22%3A45%3A52Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Curricula%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20blog%20post%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LBXPPVGE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Foley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFoley%2C%20Helen.%20%26%23x201C%3BMy%20Journey%20to%20the%20Digital%20Humanities%3A%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Double%20Major.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EWE1S%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fmy-journey-to-the-digital-humanities-the-story-of-a-double-major%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fmy-journey-to-the-digital-humanities-the-story-of-a-double-major%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLBXPPVGE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22My%20Journey%20to%20the%20Digital%20Humanities%3A%20The%20Story%20of%20a%20Double%20Major%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%3A%5D%20Every%20time%20I%20tell%20someone%20I%20double%20majored%20in%20Economics%20and%20English%2C%20I%20receive%20the%20same%20reactions%3A%20%5Cu201cOh%20wow%2C%20what%20an%20interesting%20pairing%2C%5Cu201d%20or%20%5Cu201cHuh.%20Wow.%20I%20wouldn%5Cu2019t%20have%20expected%20those%20two%20to%20go%20together.%5Cu201d%20In%20the%20simplest%20terms%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20people%20I%20engage%20with%20have%20trouble%20understanding%20how%20a%20%5Cu201csoft%5Cu201d%20humanities%20subject%20like%20English%20can%20connect%20with%20a%20%5Cu201chard%5Cu201d%20social%20sciences%20subject%20like%20Economics%20due%20to%20their%20preconceived%20understandings%20of%20both%20fields.%20In%20all%20honesty%2C%20when%20I%20first%20came%20to%20UC%20Santa%20Barbara%2C%20I%20too%20believed%20that%20majoring%20in%20the%20humanities%20would%20not%20be%20a%20wise%20professional%20investment.%20I%20had%20always%20loved%20English%2C%20and%20knew%20I%20wanted%20it%20to%20be%20my%20primary%20field%20of%20study%2C%20but%20I%20had%20been%20told%20by%20my%20parents%2C%20teachers%2C%20and%20counselors%20that%20it%20was%20unwise%20to%20pay%20for%20a%20four%20year%20degree%20and%20%5Cu201conly%20major%20in%20English.%5Cu201d%20So%2C%20knowing%20I%20also%20found%20Economics%20interesting%2C%20I%20decided%20to%20pursue%20both.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22WE1S%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fresearch_post%5C%2Fmy-journey-to-the-digital-humanities-the-story-of-a-double-major%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-25T22%3A43%3A42Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20blog%20post%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2285FSKVA7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Singer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESinger%2C%20Kevin%2C%20Matt%20Mayhew%2C%20and%20Aylyssa%20Rockenbach.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhy%20Are%20Asian%20Students%20Leaving%20the%20Humanities%3F%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EAsAmNews%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%28blog%29%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasamnews.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F06%5C%2F09%5C%2Fasian-students-in-humanities-struggle-to-get-their-parents-to-accept-their-major%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasamnews.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F06%5C%2F09%5C%2Fasian-students-in-humanities-struggle-to-get-their-parents-to-accept-their-major%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D85FSKVA7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Why%20are%20Asian%20Students%20Leaving%20the%20Humanities%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matt%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayhew%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aylyssa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rockenbach%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%3A%5D%20%5Cu201cWhen%20I%20told%20others%20I%20wanted%20to%20pursue%20a%20career%20in%20the%20humanities%20and%20become%20a%20writer%2C%20I%20was%20met%20with%20shocked%20faces.%20An%20Asian%20individual%20pursuing%20humanities%20is%20almost%20unheard%20of%20in%20society%2C%5Cu201d%20explained%20Sophia%20Ward%2C%20a%20prospective%20college%20student%20from%20Cleveland%2C%20in%20an%20OpEd%20or%20the%20Los%20Angeles%20Times.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22AsAmNews%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fasamnews.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F06%5C%2F09%5C%2Fasian-students-in-humanities-struggle-to-get-their-parents-to-accept-their-major%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-25T21%3A00%3A41Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20social%20groups%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DD8NEZZA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Liu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELiu%2C%20Alan.%20%26%23x201C%3BHumans%20in%20the%20Loop%3A%20Humanities%20Hermeneutics%20and%20Machine%20Learning.%26%23x201D%3B%20Presented%20at%20the%20DHd2020%20%287th%20Annual%20Conference%20of%20the%20German%20Society%20for%20Digital%20Humanities%29%2C%20University%20of%20Paderborn%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fyoutu.be%5C%2FlnfeOUBCi3s%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fyoutu.be%5C%2FlnfeOUBCi3s%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDD8NEZZA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Humans%20in%20the%20Loop%3A%20Humanities%20Hermeneutics%20and%20Machine%20Learning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20indicated%20by%20the%20emergent%20research%20fields%20of%20computational%20%5Cu201cinterpretability%5Cu201d%20and%20%5Cu201cexplainability%2C%5Cu201d%20machine%20learning%20creates%20fundamental%20hermeneutical%20problems.%20One%20of%20the%20least%20understood%20aspects%20of%20machine%20learning%20is%20how%20humans%20learn%20from%20machine%20learning.%20How%20does%20an%20individual%2C%20team%2C%20organization%2C%20or%20society%20%5Cu201cread%5Cu201d%20computational%20%5Cu201cdistant%20reading%5Cu201d%20when%20it%20is%20performed%20by%20complex%20algorithms%20on%20immense%20datasets%3F%20Can%20methods%20of%20interpretation%20familiar%20to%20the%20humanities%20%28e.g.%2C%20traditional%20or%20poststructuralist%20ways%20of%20relating%20the%20general%20and%20the%20specific%2C%20the%20abstract%20and%20the%20concrete%2C%20the%20structure%20and%20the%20event%2C%20or%20the%20same%20and%20the%20different%29%20be%20applied%20to%20machine%20learning%3F%20Further%2C%20can%20such%20traditions%20be%20applied%20with%20the%20explicitness%2C%20standardization%2C%20and%20reproducibility%20needed%20to%20engage%20meaningfully%20with%20the%20different%20Spielr%5Cu00e4um%20%5Cu2013%20scope%20for%20%5Cu201cplay%5Cu201d%20%28as%20in%20the%20%5Cu201cplay%20of%20a%20rope%2C%5Cu201d%20%5Cu201cwiggle%20room%2C%5Cu201d%20or%20machine-part%20%5Cu201ctolerance%5Cu201d%29%20%5Cu2013%20of%20computation%3F%20If%20so%2C%20how%20might%20that%20change%20the%20hermeneutics%20of%20the%20humanities%20themselves%3F%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20his%20keynote%20lecture%2C%20Alan%20Liu%20uses%20the%20example%20of%20the%20formalized%20%5Cu201cinterpretation%20protocol%5Cu201d%20for%20topic%20models%20he%20is%20developing%20for%20the%20Mellon%20Foundation%20funded%20WhatEvery1Says%20project%20%28which%20is%20text-analyzing%20millions%20of%20newspaper%20articles%20mentioning%20the%20humanities%29%20to%20reflect%20on%20how%20humanistic%20traditions%20of%20interpretation%20can%20contribute%20to%20machine%20learning.%20But%20he%20also%20suggests%20how%20machine%20learning%20changes%20humanistic%20interpretation%20through%20fresh%20ideas%20about%20wholes%20and%20parts%2C%20mimetic%20representation%20and%20probabilistic%20modeling%2C%20and%20similarity%20and%20difference%20%28or%20identity%20and%20culture%29.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fyoutu.be%5C%2FlnfeOUBCi3s%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-30T07%3A08%3A38Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Interpretability%20and%20explainability%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22WE1S%20presentations%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NREAPTNI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fidotta%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFidotta%2C%20Giuseppe%2C%20Joshua%20Neves%2C%20and%20Joaquin%20Serpe.%20%3Ci%3EMedia%20Populism%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Vol.%2019.%20Culture%20Machine%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturemachine.net%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fvol-19-media-populism%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturemachine.net%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fvol-19-media-populism%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNREAPTNI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Media%20Populism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giuseppe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fidotta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joshua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joaquin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Serpe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BSpecial%20issue%20of%20the%20Culture%20Machine%20journal.%20Excerpt%20from%20the%20Editorial%20Introduction%3A%5D%20...this%20special%20issue%20aims%20to%20bring%20media%20studies%20into%20conversation%20with%20debates%20in%20social%20and%20political%20theory%2C%20among%20other%20fields%2C%20and%20to%20explore%20the%20centrality%20of%20media%2C%20meant%20in%20a%20broader%20sense%20than%20just%20neutral%20channels%20for%20direct%20and%20unmediated%20exchange%20between%20demagogues%20and%20receptive%20audiences%2C%20for%20apprehending%20populism.%20In%20this%20respect%2C%20the%20essays%20collected%20in%20this%20issue%20move%20beyond%20the%20traditional%20scales%20and%20objects%20of%20populist%20research%2C%20placing%20questions%20of%20media%20and%20mediation%20front%20and%20center.%20Case%20studies%20range%20from%20zombies%20and%20pedagogy%2C%20video%20events%20and%20affective%20publics%2C%20counterfeit%20aesthetics%20and%20the%20internet%20ocean.%20Some%20of%20our%20contributors%20investigate%20forms%20of%20mediation%20that%20lend%20themselves%20more%20clearly%20to%20populist%20mobilizations.%20Others%20explore%20representations%20of%20the%20people%20in%20historically%20situated%20%5Cu2018new%5Cu2019%20media.%20Others%20address%20the%20affective%20dimensions%20of%20populism%20as%20channeled%20through%20media%20aesthetics%20and%20platforms.%20Taken%20together%2C%20these%20interventions%20open%20up%20genealogical%20and%20multi-scalar%20perspectives%20on%20populism%2C%20while%20also%20speaking%20to%20the%20complexity%20of%20media%20populist%20forms%20and%20magnitudes%2C%20and%20their%20role%20in%20shaping%20contemporary%20political%20imaginaries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fculturemachine.net%5C%2Farchives%5C%2Fvol-19-media-populism%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-23T21%3A42%3A36Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Journalism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Social%20media%20analysis%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224IVIKSUK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Heaven%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHeaven%2C%20Will%20Douglass.%20%26%23x201C%3BAI%20Is%20Wrestling%20with%20a%20Replication%20Crisis.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EMIT%20Technology%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F11%5C%2F12%5C%2F1011944%5C%2Fartificial-intelligence-replication-crisis-science-big-tech-google-deepmind-facebook-openai%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F11%5C%2F12%5C%2F1011944%5C%2Fartificial-intelligence-replication-crisis-science-big-tech-google-deepmind-facebook-openai%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4IVIKSUK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22AI%20is%20wrestling%20with%20a%20replication%20crisis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Will%20Douglass%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heaven%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BBeginning%20of%20article%3A%5D%20Last%20month%20Nature%20published%20a%20damning%20response%20written%20by%2031%20scientists%20to%20a%20study%20from%20Google%20Health%20that%20had%20appeared%20in%20the%20journal%20earlier%20this%20year.%20Google%20was%20describing%20successful%20trials%20of%20an%20AI%20that%20looked%20for%20signs%20of%20breast%20cancer%20in%20medical%20images.%20But%20according%20to%20its%20critics%2C%20the%20Google%20team%20provided%20so%20little%20information%20about%20its%20code%20and%20how%20it%20was%20tested%20that%20the%20study%20amounted%20to%20nothing%20more%20than%20a%20promotion%20of%20proprietary%20tech.%5Cn%5Cn%5Cu201cWe%20couldn%5Cu2019t%20take%20it%20anymore%2C%5Cu201d%20says%20Benjamin%20Haibe-Kains%2C%20the%20lead%20author%20of%20the%20response%2C%20who%20studies%20computational%20genomics%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Toronto.%20%5Cu201cIt%5Cu2019s%20not%20about%20this%20study%20in%20particular%5Cu2014it%5Cu2019s%20a%20trend%20we%5Cu2019ve%20been%20witnessing%20for%20multiple%20years%20now%20that%20has%20started%20to%20really%20bother%20us.%5Cu201d%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F11%5C%2F12%5C%2F1011944%5C%2Fartificial-intelligence-replication-crisis-science-big-tech-google-deepmind-facebook-openai%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-11-14T06%3A21%3A30Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Artificial%20intelligence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Reproducibility%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22W4GCGGD6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAmerican%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences.%20%26%23x201C%3BHome%20with%20the%20Humanities%3A%20American%20Engagement%20during%20the%20Pandemic.%26%23x201D%3B%20American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20%26amp%3B%20Sciences%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Fhumanities-pandemic%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Fhumanities-pandemic%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DW4GCGGD6%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Home%20with%20the%20Humanities%3A%20American%20Engagement%20during%20the%20Pandemic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22American%20Academy%20of%20Arts%20and%20Sciences%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20survey%20of%20Americans%20showed%20substantial%20engagement%20with%20the%20Humanities%20-%20especially%20history%20programs%20on%20television%20-%20during%20the%20pandemic.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.amacad.org%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Fhumanities-pandemic%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T06%3A34%3A20Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20statistics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20surveys%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Value%20of%20humanities%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22URTJQT5R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Miller%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMiller%2C%20Theresa%20L.%2C%20Emilie%20L%26%23x2019%3BH%26%23xF4%3Bte%2C%20and%20Andrew%20Volmert.%20%26%23x201C%3BCommunicating%20about%20History%3A%20Challenges%2C%20Opportunities%2C%20and%20Emerging%20Recommendations.%26%23x201D%3B%20Washington%2C%20D.C.%3A%20Frameworks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdownload.aaslh.org%5C%2FFraming%2BHistory%5C%2FCommunicating%2BAbout%2BHistory%2BStrategic%2BBrief.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdownload.aaslh.org%5C%2FFraming%2BHistory%5C%2FCommunicating%2BAbout%2BHistory%2BStrategic%2BBrief.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DURTJQT5R%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Communicating%20about%20history%3A%20Challenges%2C%20Opportunities%2C%20and%20Emerging%20Recommendations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Theresa%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Miller%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu2019H%5Cu00f4te%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Volmert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFrom%20%5C%22Introduction%5C%22%3A%5D%20This%20brief%20describes%20the%20challenges%20and%20opportunities%20for%20communication%20that%20result%20from%20the%5Cnpublic%5Cu2019s%20existing%20understandings%20of%20and%20assumptions%20about%20history.%20It%20also%20offers%20preliminary%5Cnrecommendations%20for%20responding%20to%20these%20challenges%20and%20opportunities%2C%20although%20further%20research%5Cnwill%20be%20needed%20to%20build%20on%20these%20findings%20and%20to%20develop%20the%20most%20effective%20ways%20of%20framing%20history.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Frameworks%20Institute%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdownload.aaslh.org%5C%2FFraming%2BHistory%5C%2FCommunicating%2BAbout%2BHistory%2BStrategic%2BBrief.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-10-28T06%3A34%3A12Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20advocacy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20in%20United%20States%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y7Q3CUCI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Koenzen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKoenzen%2C%20Andreas%2C%20Neil%20Ernst%2C%20and%20Margaret-Anne%20Storey.%20%26%23x201C%3BCode%20Duplication%20and%20Reuse%20in%20Jupyter%20Notebooks.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EArXiv%3A2005.13709%20%5BCs%5D%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.13709%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.13709%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY7Q3CUCI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Code%20Duplication%20and%20Reuse%20in%20Jupyter%20Notebooks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koenzen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ernst%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret-Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Storey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Duplicating%20one%27s%20own%20code%20makes%20it%20faster%20to%20write%20software.%20This%20expediency%20is%20particularly%20valuable%20for%20users%20of%20computational%20notebooks.%20Duplication%20allows%20notebook%20users%20to%20quickly%20test%20hypotheses%20and%20iterate%20over%20data.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20explore%20how%20much%2C%20how%20and%20from%20where%20code%20duplication%20occurs%20in%20computational%20notebooks%2C%20and%20identify%20potential%20barriers%20to%20code%20reuse.%20Previous%20work%20in%20the%20area%20of%20computational%20notebooks%20describes%20developers%27%20motivations%20for%20reuse%20and%20duplication%20but%20does%20not%20show%20how%20much%20reuse%20occurs%20or%20which%20barriers%20they%20face%20when%20reusing%20code.%20To%20address%20this%20gap%2C%20we%20first%20analyzed%20GitHub%20repositories%20for%20code%20duplicates%20contained%20in%20a%20repository%27s%20Jupyter%20notebooks%2C%20and%20then%20conducted%20an%20observational%20user%20study%20of%20code%20reuse%2C%20where%20participants%20solved%20specific%20tasks%20using%20notebooks.%20Our%20findings%20reveal%20that%20repositories%20in%20our%20sample%20have%20a%20mean%20self-duplication%20rate%20of%207.6%25.%20However%2C%20in%20our%20user%20study%2C%20few%20participants%20duplicated%20their%20own%20code%2C%20preferring%20to%20reuse%20code%20from%20online%20sources.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.13709%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-03T06%3A06%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20notebooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Reproducibility%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LG4WZAIE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chattopadhyay%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChattopadhyay%2C%20Souti%2C%20Ishita%20Prasad%2C%20Austin%20Z.%20Henley%2C%20Anita%20Sarma%2C%20and%20Titus%20Barik.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Wrong%20with%20Computational%20Notebooks%3F%20Pain%20Points%2C%20Needs%2C%20and%20Design%20Opportunities.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%202020%20CHI%20Conference%20on%20Human%20Factors%20in%20Computing%20Systems%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B12.%20CHI%20%26%23x2019%3B20.%20Honolulu%2C%20HI%2C%20USA%3A%20Association%20for%20Computing%20Machinery%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3313831.3376729%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3313831.3376729%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLG4WZAIE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%27s%20Wrong%20with%20Computational%20Notebooks%3F%20Pain%20Points%2C%20Needs%2C%20and%20Design%20Opportunities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Souti%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chattopadhyay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ishita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prasad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Austin%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Henley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sarma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Titus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barik%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Computational%20notebooks%20-%20such%20as%20Azure%2C%20Databricks%2C%20and%20Jupyter%20-%20are%20a%20popular%2C%20interactive%20paradigm%20for%20data%20scientists%20to%20author%20code%2C%20analyze%20data%2C%20and%20interleave%20visualizations%2C%20all%20within%20a%20single%20document.%20Nevertheless%2C%20as%20data%20scientists%20incorporate%20more%20of%20their%20activities%20into%20notebooks%2C%20they%20encounter%20unexpected%20difficulties%2C%20or%20pain%20points%2C%20that%20impact%20their%20productivity%20and%20disrupt%20their%20workflow.%20Through%20a%20systematic%2C%20mixed-methods%20study%20using%20semi-structured%20interviews%20%28n%3D20%29%20and%20survey%20%28n%3D156%29%20with%20data%20scientists%2C%20we%20catalog%20nine%20pain%20points%20when%20working%20with%20notebooks.%20Our%20findings%20suggest%20that%20data%20scientists%20face%20numerous%20pain%20points%20throughout%20the%20entire%20workflow%20-%20from%20setting%20up%20notebooks%20to%20deploying%20to%20production%20-%20across%20many%20notebook%20environments.%20Our%20data%20scientists%20report%20essential%20notebook%20requirements%2C%20such%20as%20supporting%20data%20exploration%20and%20visualization.%20The%20results%20of%20our%20study%20inform%20and%20inspire%20the%20design%20of%20computational%20notebooks.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Proceedings%20of%20the%202020%20CHI%20Conference%20on%20Human%20Factors%20in%20Computing%20Systems%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1145%5C%2F3313831.3376729%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-4503-6708-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3313831.3376729%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-03T06%3A05%3A04Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20notebooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ALXR57ZG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DePratti%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDePratti%2C%20Roland.%20%26%23x201C%3BJupyter%20Notebooks%20versus%20a%20Textbook%20in%20a%20Big%20Data%20Course.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Computing%20Sciences%20in%20Colleges%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2035%2C%20no.%208%20%282020%29%3A%20208%26%23x2013%3B20.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdl.acm.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.5555%5C%2F3417639.3417658%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdl.acm.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.5555%5C%2F3417639.3417658%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DALXR57ZG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Jupyter%20notebooks%20versus%20a%20textbook%20in%20a%20big%20data%20course%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roland%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DePratti%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20building%20curriculum%20in%20new%20areas%20of%20computer%20science%2C%20often%20the%20tools%20introduced%20in%20the%20course%20are%20an%20important%20component.%20This%20is%20especially%20true%20in%20the%20area%20of%20big%20data%2C%20where%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20problems%20the%20area%20tackles%20is%20high.%20In%20the%204%20years%20since%20its%20inception%2C%20my%20big%20data%20course%20has%20gone%20through%20two%20major%20redesigns%20and%20has%20settled%20on%20a%20tool%20set%20including%3A%20the%20Hadoop%20platform%2C%20Spark%20processing%20engine%2C%20the%20Python%20programming%20language%2C%20Eclipse%20IDE%2C%20and%20Jupyter%20Notebooks.%20Many%20of%20the%20changes%20were%20driven%20by%20input%20from%20professional%20peers%20on%20big%20data%20teams%2C%20who%20were%20struggling%20with%20the%20complexity%20resulting%20from%20the%20low-level%20programming%20model%20used%20by%20MapReduce.%20Jupyter%20Notebook%2C%20a%20type%20of%20computational%20notebook%2C%20was%20added%20to%20the%20course%20to%20introduce%20students%20to%20the%20Python%20programming%20language.%20Data%20scientists%20and%20researchers%20have%20found%20computational%20notebooks%20an%20effective%20tool%20to%20manage%20their%20work%20by%20providing%20a%20way%20to%20track%20their%20thinking%20process%2C%20their%20code%2C%20and%20conclusions%20in%20one%20web%20document.%20To%20assess%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20using%20Jupyter%20Notebook%20in%20a%20big%20data%20course%2C%20students%27%20views%20on%20the%20use%20of%20computational%20notebooks%20and%20traditional%20textbooks%20were%20captured%20and%20statistically%20analyzed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdl.acm.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.5555%5C%2F3417639.3417658%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-03T05%3A59%3A32Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20notebooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PSUNF3M9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Willis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWillis%2C%20Alistair%2C%20Patricia%20Charlton%2C%20and%20Tony%20Hirst.%20%26%23x201C%3BDeveloping%20Students%26%23x2019%3B%20Written%20Communication%20Skills%20with%20Jupyter%20Notebooks.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EProceedings%20of%20the%2051st%20ACM%20Technical%20Symposium%20on%20Computer%20Science%20Education%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201089%26%23x2013%3B95.%20SIGCSE%20%26%23x2019%3B20.%20Portland%2C%20OR%2C%20USA%3A%20Association%20for%20Computing%20Machinery%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3328778.3366927%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3328778.3366927%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPSUNF3M9%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Developing%20Students%27%20Written%20Communication%20Skills%20with%20Jupyter%20Notebooks%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alistair%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Willis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patricia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charlton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hirst%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Written%20communication%20skills%20are%20considered%20to%20be%20highly%20desirable%20in%20computing%20graduates.%20However%2C%20many%20computing%20students%20do%20not%20have%20a%20background%20in%20which%20these%20skills%20have%20been%20developed%2C%20and%20the%20skills%20are%20often%20not%20well%20addressed%20within%20a%20computing%20curriculum.%20For%20some%20multidisciplinary%20areas%2C%20such%20as%20data%20science%2C%20the%20range%20of%20potential%20stakeholders%20makes%20the%20need%20for%20communications%20skills%20all%20the%20greater.%20As%20interest%20in%20data%20science%20increases%20and%20the%20technical%20skills%20of%20the%20area%20are%20in%20ever%20higher%20demand%2C%20understanding%20effective%20teaching%20and%20learning%20of%20these%20interdisciplinary%20aspects%20is%20receiving%20significant%20attention%20by%20academics%2C%20industry%20and%20government%20in%20an%20effort%20to%20address%20the%20digital%20skills%20gap.%20In%20this%20paper%2C%20we%20report%20on%20the%20experience%20of%20adapting%20a%20final%20year%20data%20science%20module%20in%20an%20undergraduate%20computing%20curriculum%20to%20help%20develop%20the%20skills%20needed%20for%20writing%20extended%20reports.%20From%20its%20inception%2C%20the%20module%20has%20used%20Jupyter%20notebooks%20to%20develop%20the%20students%27%20skills%20in%20the%20coding%20aspects%20of%20the%20module.%20However%2C%20over%20several%20presentations%2C%20we%20have%20investigated%20how%20the%20cell-based%20structure%20of%20the%20notebooks%20can%20be%20exploited%20to%20improve%20the%20students%27%20understanding%20of%20how%20to%20structure%20a%20report%20on%20a%20data%20investigation.%20We%20have%20increasingly%20designed%20the%20assessment%20for%20the%20module%20to%20take%20advantage%20of%20the%20learning%20affordances%20of%20Jupyter%20notebooks%20to%20support%20both%20raw%20data%20analysis%20and%20effective%20report%20writing.%20We%20reflect%20on%20the%20lessons%20learned%20from%20these%20changes%20to%20the%20assessment%20model%2C%20and%20the%20students%27%20responses%20to%20the%20changes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Proceedings%20of%20the%2051st%20ACM%20Technical%20Symposium%20on%20Computer%20Science%20Education%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1145%5C%2F3328778.3366927%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-4503-6793-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1145%5C%2F3328778.3366927%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-03T05%3A54%3A43Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20notebooks%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2288GUQLQK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22BBC%20Media%20Centre%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBBC%20Media%20Centre.%20%26%23x201C%3BTrusted%20News%20Initiative%20%28TNI%29%20Steps%20up%20Global%20Fight%20against%20Disinformation%20with%20New%20Focus%20on%20US%20Presidential%20Election.%26%23x201D%3B%20BBC%20News%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%5C%2Fmediacentre%5C%2Flatestnews%5C%2F2020%5C%2Ftrusted-news-initiative%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%5C%2Fmediacentre%5C%2Flatestnews%5C%2F2020%5C%2Ftrusted-news-initiative%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D88GUQLQK%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trusted%20News%20Initiative%20%28TNI%29%20steps%20up%20global%20fight%20against%20disinformation%20with%20new%20focus%20on%20US%20presidential%20election%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22BBC%20Media%20Centre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Trusted%20News%20Initiative%20%28TNI%29%20is%20extending%20the%20scope%20and%20ambition%20of%20its%20groundbreaking%20collaboration%20to%20tackle%20the%20most%20dangerous%20disinformation%20worldwide.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%5C%2Fmediacentre%5C%2Flatestnews%5C%2F2020%5C%2Ftrusted-news-initiative%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-09-03T04%3A54%3A34Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Fake%20news%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Journalism%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TQIDQTW7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESociety%20of%20American%20Archivists.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%20Are%20Archives%3F%26%23x201D%3B%20Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2Fabout-archives%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2Fabout-archives%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTQIDQTW7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20Are%20Archives%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BBeginning%20of%20page%3A%5D%20The%20word%20archives%20can%20be%20used%20in%20three%20different%20ways%3A%5Cn%5Cn%2A%20The%20word%20archives%20%28usually%20written%20with%20a%20lower%20case%20a%20and%20sometimes%20referred%20to%20in%20the%20singular%2C%20as%20archive%29%20refers%20to%20the%20permanently%20valuable%20records%5Cu2014such%20as%20letters%2C%20reports%2C%20accounts%2C%20minute%20books%2C%20draft%20and%20final%20manuscripts%2C%20and%20photographs%5Cu2014of%20people%2C%20businesses%2C%20and%20government.%20These%20records%20are%20kept%20because%20they%20have%20continuing%20value%20to%20the%20creating%20agency%20and%20to%20other%20potential%20users.%20They%20are%20the%20documentary%20evidence%20of%20past%20events.%20They%20are%20the%20facts%20we%20use%20to%20interpret%20and%20understand%20history.%5Cn%5Cn%2A%20An%20Archives%20%28often%20written%20with%20a%20capital%20A%20and%20usually%2C%20but%20not%20always%2C%20in%20the%20plural%29%20is%20an%20organization%20dedicated%20to%20preserving%20the%20documentary%20heritage%20of%20a%20particular%20group%3A%20a%20city%2C%20a%20province%20or%20state%2C%20a%20business%2C%20a%20university%2C%20or%20a%20community.%20For%20example%2C%20the%20National%20Archives%20and%20Records%20Administration%20in%20the%20United%20States%2C%20Bentley%20Historical%20Library%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Michigan%2C%20The%20Coca-Cola%20Company%20Archives%2C%20and%20The%20Archives%20of%20the%20Episcopal%20Church%20are%20all%20responsible%20for%20the%20preservation%20and%20management%20of%20archives.%5Cn%5Cn%2A%20The%20word%20archives%20is%20also%20used%20to%20refer%20to%20the%20building%20or%20part%20of%20a%20building%20in%20which%20archival%20materials%20are%20kept%2C%20i.e.%2C%20the%20archival%20repository%20itself.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2Fabout-archives%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-30T20%3A04%3A13Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Archives%20as%20paradigm%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TNZ5AUU5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESociety%20of%20American%20Archivists.%20%26%23x201C%3BHome%20Page.%26%23x201D%3B%20Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTNZ5AUU5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Home%20page%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFrom%20%5C%22Who%20We%20Are%5C%22%20page%3A%5D%20Founded%20in%201936%2C%20the%20Society%20of%20American%20Archivists%20is%20North%20America%27s%20oldest%20and%20largest%20national%20professional%20association%20dedicated%20to%20the%20needs%20and%20interests%20of%20archives%20and%20archivists.%20SAA%20represents%20more%20than%206%2C200%20professional%20archivists%20employed%20by%20governments%2C%20universities%2C%20businesses%2C%20libraries%2C%20and%20historical%20organizations%20nationally.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.archivists.org%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-30T20%3A02%3A43Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Archives%20as%20paradigm%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Viola, Lorella, and Paul Spence, eds. Multilingual Digital Humanities. Digital Research in the Arts and Humanities. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2023. Cite
AI Forensics. “Home Page,” 2023. https://ai-forensics.github.io/. Cite
Heller, Nathan. “The End of the English Major.” The New Yorker, 2023. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/03/06/the-end-of-the-english-major. Cite
Thomas, Lindsay, and Abigail Droge. “What We Learned About the Humanities from a Study of Thousands of Newspaper Articles.” Journal of Cultural Analytics, May 24, 2022, 139–44. https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.35907. Cite
Kirilloff, Gabi. “Computation as Context: New Approaches to the Close/Distant Reading Debate.” College Literature 49, no. 1 (2022): 1–25. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/844432. Cite
Liu, Alan. “WhatEver1Says: The Humanities in Public Discourse.” Presented at the National Humanities Conference, Los Angeles, 2022. https://bit.ly/Liu_NHC2022. Cite
Liu, Alan. “WhatEver1Says: The Humanities in Public Discourse.” Presented at the Humanities & Fine Arts Digital Humanities Showcase, UC Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2022. https://bit.ly/Liu_11_18_2011. Cite
Liu, Alan, Abigail Droge, Scott Kleinman, Lindsay Thomas, Dan C. Baciu, and Jeremy Douglass. “What Everyone Says: Public Perceptions of the Humanities in the Media.” Daedalus 151, no. 3 (2022): 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_01926. Cite
Townsend, Robert B., and Norman Marshall Bradburn. “The State of the Humanities circa 2022.” Daedalus 151, no. 3 (2022): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_01925. Cite
Berkowitz, Carin, Norman Marshall Bradburn, and Robert B. Townsend, eds. The Humanities in American Life: Transforming the Relationship with the Public. Vol. 151, No. 3. Cambridge, MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2022. https://www.amacad.org/daedalus/humanities-american-life-transforming-relationship-public. Cite
AAUP. “The Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession, 2021-22.” Washington, D.C.: American Association of University Professors, 2022. https://www.aaup.org/report/annual-report-economic-status-profession-2021-22. Cite
Thomas, Lindsay, and Abigail Droge. “The Humanities in Public: A Computational Analysis of US National and Campus Newspapers.” Journal of Cultural Analytics 7, no. 1 (2022): 36–80. https://culturalanalytics.org/article/32036-the-humanities-in-public-a-computational-analysis-of-us-national-and-campus-newspapers. Cite
Liu, Alan. “What Everyone Says about the Humanities.” MLA Newsletter 54, no. 1 (2022): 1, 4–5. https://www.mla.org/content/download/183503/3006735/NL_54-1_web.pdf. Cite
Thomas, Lindsay. “The ‘Big Humanities’: Collaboration and Team-Based Open Research in DH.” Presented at the Bridging the “Two Cultures”: Interdisciplinary, Public, and Digital Humanities Approaches to STS, March 4, 2021. Cite
Shadrova, Anna. “Topic Models Do Not Model Topics: Epistemological Remarks and Steps towards Best Practices.” Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities 2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.46298/jdmdh.7595. Cite
Zhang, Yu, Peter Tiňo, Aleš Leonardis, and Ke Tang. “A Survey on Neural Network Interpretability.” IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence 5, no. 5 (2021): 726–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/TETCI.2021.3100641. Cite
Liu, Alan. “What Everyone Says About the Humanities: The Challenge Posed by the Public Perception of the Humanities in the Media.” Presented at the Authors’ meeting for contributors to a special issue of the Daedalus journal on “The Humanities in American Life.", 2021. Cite
Liu, Alan. “WhatEvery1Says: Data Mining Media Coverage of the Humanities.” The Education University of Hong Kong, 2021. Cite
Liu, Alan. “Research-Based Humanities Advocacy: 4Humanities.Org and the WhatEvery1Says Project.” Presented at the 25Humans For the Humanities group, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 2021. Cite
Reitter, Paul, and Chad Wellmon. Permanent Crisis: The Humanities in a Disenchanted Age. Chicago ; London: University Of Chicago Press, 2021. Cite
Liu, Alan. “WhatEvery1Says: Data Mining Media Coverage of the Humanities.” Presented at the Digital Tools for Interdisciplinary Humanities Research Workshop Series, UC Merced Public Humanities Design Studio, University of California, Merced, 2021. Cite
Open Lab Notebooks. “Home Page.” openlabnotebooks.org, 2021. https://openlabnotebooks.org/. Cite
Dickson, Ben. “A New Technique Called ‘Concept Whitening’ Promises to Provide Neural Network Interpretability.” VentureBeat (blog), 2021. https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/12/a-new-technique-called-concept-whitening-promises-to-provide-neural-network-interpretability/. Cite
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. “Humanities in American Life Survey,” 2020. https://www.amacad.org/humanities-indicators/humanities-american-life-survey. Cite
Kapadia, Shashank. “Evaluate Topic Models: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA).” Medium, 2020. https://towardsdatascience.com/evaluate-topic-model-in-python-latent-dirichlet-allocation-lda-7d57484bb5d0. Cite
Lee, Ashley S., Poom Chiarawongse, Jo Guldi, and Andras Zsom. “The Role of Critical Thinking in Humanities Infrastructure: The Pipeline Concept with a Study of HaToRI (Hansard Topic Relevance Identifier).” Digital Humanities Quarterly 14, no. 3 (2020). http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/14/3/000481/000481.html. Cite
Klein, Lauren F. “Dimensions of Scale: Invisible Labor, Editorial Work, and the Future of Quantitative Literary Studies.” PMLA 135, no. 1 (2020): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.1.23. Cite
Pardo-Guerra, Juan Pablo. “Doing Things with Bags-of-Words.” Scatterplot (blog), 2020. https://scatter.wordpress.com/2020/02/19/doing-things-with-bags-of-words/. Cite
Lee, James Jaehoon, and Joshua Beckelhimer. “Anthropocene and Empire: Discourse Networks of the Human Record.” PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, no. 1 (2020): 110–29. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.1.110. Cite
Allen, Colin, and Jaimie Murdock. “LDA Topic Modeling: Contexts for the History & Philosophy of Science.” Preprint, 2020. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/17261/. Cite
Smith, Gary, and Jay Cordes. The Phantom Pattern Problem: The Mirage of Big Data. First edition. Oxford ; New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2020. Cite
Humanities Indicators. “The Humanities in American Life: Insights from a 2019 Survey of the Public’s Attitudes & Engagement.” Washington, D.C: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2020. https://www.amacad.org/publication/humanities-american-life. Cite
Liu, Alan. “Toward a Diversity Stack: Digital Humanities and Diversity as Technical Problem.” PMLA 135, no. 1 (2020): 130–51. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.1.130. Cite
Baker, Rebecca. “Using Grounded Theory to Construct the WE1S Hand-Codebook.” WE1S (blog), 2020. https://we1s.ucsb.edu/research_post/using-grounded-theory-to-construct-the-we1s-hand-codebook/. Cite
Droge, Abigail. “WE1S to Develop ‘Research-to-Action Toolkits.’” WE1S (blog), 2020. https://we1s.ucsb.edu/research_post/we1s-to-develop-research-to-action-toolkits/. Cite
Droge, Abigail. “Reading Communities: The Social Life of Literature in a Time of Social Distancing.” WE1S (blog), 2020. https://we1s.ucsb.edu/research_post/reading-communities-the-social-life-of-literature-in-a-time-of-social-distancing/. Cite
Foley, Helen. “My Journey to the Digital Humanities: The Story of a Double Major.” WE1S (blog), 2020. https://we1s.ucsb.edu/research_post/my-journey-to-the-digital-humanities-the-story-of-a-double-major/. Cite
Singer, Kevin, Matt Mayhew, and Aylyssa Rockenbach. “Why Are Asian Students Leaving the Humanities?” AsAmNews (blog), 2020. https://asamnews.com/2020/06/09/asian-students-in-humanities-struggle-to-get-their-parents-to-accept-their-major/. Cite
Liu, Alan. “Humans in the Loop: Humanities Hermeneutics and Machine Learning.” Presented at the DHd2020 (7th Annual Conference of the German Society for Digital Humanities), University of Paderborn, 2020. https://youtu.be/lnfeOUBCi3s. Cite
Fidotta, Giuseppe, Joshua Neves, and Joaquin Serpe. Media Populism. Vol. 19. Culture Machine, 2020. https://culturemachine.net/archives/vol-19-media-populism/. Cite
Heaven, Will Douglass. “AI Is Wrestling with a Replication Crisis.” MIT Technology Review, 2020. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/11/12/1011944/artificial-intelligence-replication-crisis-science-big-tech-google-deepmind-facebook-openai/. Cite
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. “Home with the Humanities: American Engagement during the Pandemic.” American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2020. https://www.amacad.org/news/humanities-pandemic. Cite
Miller, Theresa L., Emilie L’Hôte, and Andrew Volmert. “Communicating about History: Challenges, Opportunities, and Emerging Recommendations.” Washington, D.C.: Frameworks Institute, 2020. http://download.aaslh.org/Framing+History/Communicating+About+History+Strategic+Brief.pdf. Cite
Koenzen, Andreas, Neil Ernst, and Margaret-Anne Storey. “Code Duplication and Reuse in Jupyter Notebooks.” ArXiv:2005.13709 [Cs], 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13709. Cite
Chattopadhyay, Souti, Ishita Prasad, Austin Z. Henley, Anita Sarma, and Titus Barik. “What’s Wrong with Computational Notebooks? Pain Points, Needs, and Design Opportunities.” In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–12. CHI ’20. Honolulu, HI, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376729. Cite
DePratti, Roland. “Jupyter Notebooks versus a Textbook in a Big Data Course.” Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges 35, no. 8 (2020): 208–20. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/3417639.3417658. Cite
Willis, Alistair, Patricia Charlton, and Tony Hirst. “Developing Students’ Written Communication Skills with Jupyter Notebooks.” In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 1089–95. SIGCSE ’20. Portland, OR, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366927. Cite
BBC Media Centre. “Trusted News Initiative (TNI) Steps up Global Fight against Disinformation with New Focus on US Presidential Election.” BBC News, 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2020/trusted-news-initiative. Cite
Society of American Archivists. “What Are Archives?” Society of American Archivists, 2020. https://www2.archivists.org/about-archives. Cite
Society of American Archivists. “Home Page.” Society of American Archivists, 2020. https://www2.archivists.org/. Cite