(all)
Global Humanities | History of Humanities | Liberal Arts | Humanities and Higher Education | Humanities as Research Activity | Humanities Teaching & Curricula | Humanities and the Sciences | Medical Humanities | Public Humanities | Humanities Advocacy | Humanities and Social Groups | Value of Humanities | Humanities and Economic Value | Humanities Funding | Humanities Statistics | Humanities Surveys | "Crisis" of the Humanities
Humanities Organizations: Humanities Councils (U.S.) | Government Agencies | Foundations | Scholarly Associations
Humanities in: Africa | Asia (East) | Asia (South) | Australasia | Europe | Latin America | Middle East | North America: Canada - Mexico - United States | Scandinavia | United Kingdom
(all)
Lists of News Sources | Databases with News Archives | History of Journalism | Journalism Studies | Journalism Statistics | Journalism Organizations | Student Journalism | Data Journalism | Media Frames (analyzing & changing media narratives using "frame theory") | Media Bias | Fake News | Journalism and Minorities | Journalism and Women | Press Freedom | News & Social Media
(all)
Corpus Representativeness
Comparison paradigms for idea of a corpus: Archives as Paradigm | Canons as Paradigm | Editions as Paradigm | Corpus Linguistics as Paradigm
(all)
Artificial Intelligence | Big Data | Data Mining | Data Notebooks (Jupyter Notebooks) | Data Visualization (see also Topic Model Visualizations) | Hierarchical Clustering | Interpretability & Explainability (see also Topic Model Interpretation) | Mapping | Natural Language Processing | Network Analysis | Open Science | Reporting & Documentation Methods | Reproducibility | Sentiment Analysis | Social Media Analysis | Statistical Methods | Text Analysis (see also Topic Modeling) | Text Classification | Wikification | Word Embedding & Vector Semantics
Topic Modeling (all)
Selected DH research and resources bearing on, or utilized by, the WE1S project.
(all)
Distant Reading | Cultural Analytics | | Sociocultural Approaches | Topic Modeling in DH | Non-consumptive Use
Searchable version of bibliography on Zotero site
For WE1S developers: Biblio style guide | Biblio collection form (suggest additions) | WE1S Bibliography Ontology Outline
2133649
Frame analysis of media
1
chicago-fullnote-bibliography
50
date
desc
year
1
1
1
6605
https://we1s.ucsb.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22VCQ8ZIXE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kwak%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKwak%2C%20Haewoon%2C%20Jisun%20An%2C%20and%20Yong-Yeol%20Ahn.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Systematic%20Media%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%201.5%20Million%20New%20York%20Times%20Articles%20from%202000%20to%202017.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EArXiv%3A2005.01803%20%5BCs%5D%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.01803%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.01803%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVCQ8ZIXE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Systematic%20Media%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%201.5%20Million%20New%20York%20Times%20Articles%20from%202000%20to%202017%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Haewoon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jisun%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22An%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yong-Yeol%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ahn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Framing%20is%20an%20indispensable%20narrative%20device%20for%20news%20media%20because%20even%20the%20same%20facts%20may%20lead%20to%20conflicting%20understandings%20if%20deliberate%20framing%20is%20employed.%20Therefore%2C%20identifying%20media%20framing%20is%20a%20crucial%20step%20to%20understanding%20how%20news%20media%20influence%20the%20public.%20Framing%20is%2C%20however%2C%20difficult%20to%20operationalize%20and%20detect%2C%20and%20thus%20traditional%20media%20framing%20studies%20had%20to%20rely%20on%20manual%20annotation%2C%20which%20is%20challenging%20to%20scale%20up%20to%20massive%20news%20datasets.%20Here%2C%20by%20developing%20a%20media%20frame%20classifier%20that%20achieves%20state-of-the-art%20performance%2C%20we%20systematically%20analyze%20the%20media%20frames%20of%201.5%20million%20New%20York%20Times%20articles%20published%20from%202000%20to%202017.%20By%20examining%20the%20ebb%20and%20flow%20of%20media%20frames%20over%20almost%20two%20decades%2C%20we%20show%20that%20short-term%20frame%20abundance%20fluctuation%20closely%20corresponds%20to%20major%20events%2C%20while%20there%20also%20exist%20several%20long-term%20trends%2C%20such%20as%20the%20gradually%20increasing%20prevalence%20of%20the%20%60%60Cultural%20identity%27%27%20frame.%20By%20examining%20specific%20topics%20and%20sentiments%2C%20we%20identify%20characteristics%20and%20dynamics%20of%20each%20frame.%20Finally%2C%20as%20a%20case%20study%2C%20we%20delve%20into%20the%20framing%20of%20mass%20shootings%2C%20revealing%20three%20major%20framing%20patterns.%20Our%20scalable%2C%20computational%20approach%20to%20massive%20news%20datasets%20opens%20up%20new%20pathways%20for%20systematic%20media%20framing%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Farxiv.org%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F2005.01803%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A13%3A36Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Text%20classification%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BRBAFLPZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BToolkits.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBRBAFLPZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Toolkits%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22With%20sample%20language%20and%20user%20notes%2C%20FrameWorks%5Cu2019%20issue-based%20toolkits%20offer%20practical%20framing%20strategies%20that%20communicators%20can%20put%20to%20immediate%20use.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A43%3A16Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DG4XTGBF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BFraming%20101.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Fframing-101%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Fframing-101%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDG4XTGBF%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20101%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Discover%20how%20the%20science%20of%20framing%20can%20help%20us%20to%20be%20heard%20and%20understood.%20When%20we%20change%20the%20story%20and%20how%20we%20tell%20it%2C%20we%20can%20change%20the%20world.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftools-and-resources%5C%2Fframing-101%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A42%3A02Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y7HSWET3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BDon%26%23x2019%3Bt%20Feed%20Fatalism%26%23x2026%3BPut%20Forward%20Solutions%20Instead.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdont-feed-fatalism-put-forward-solutions-instead%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdont-feed-fatalism-put-forward-solutions-instead%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY7HSWET3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Don%5Cu2019t%20Feed%20Fatalism%5Cu2026Put%20Forward%20Solutions%20Instead%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Most%20advocates%20say%20their%20top%20communications%20priority%20is%20to%20motivate%20the%20public%20to%20get%20involved%20in%20solving%20a%20pressing%20social%20problem.%20Given%20this%20goal%2C%20it%20is%20remarkable%20how%20much%20social%20change...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fdont-feed-fatalism-put-forward-solutions-instead%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A17%3A31Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FKAHBRVR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BFive%20Questions%20about%20Framing.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ffive-questions-about-framing%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ffive-questions-about-framing%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFKAHBRVR%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Five%20Questions%20about%20Framing%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221.%20What%20is%20Framing%3F%5CnFraming%20is%20about%20the%20choices%20we%20make%20in%20what%20we%20say%2C%20how%20we%20say%20it%2C%20what%20we%20emphasize%2C%20and%20what%20we%20leave%20unsaid%2C%20and%20how%20these%20choices%20shape%20how%20people%20think%2C%20feel%2C%20and...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ffive-questions-about-framing%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A16%3A36Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VLDEZTFH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BChanging%20the%20Narrative%20on%20Public%20Education.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftoolkit%5C%2Fchanging-the-narrative-on-public-education%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftoolkit%5C%2Fchanging-the-narrative-on-public-education%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVLDEZTFH%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Changing%20the%20Narrative%20on%20Public%20Education%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Welcome%20to%20Changing%20the%20Narrative%20on%20Public%20Education%2C%20a%20communications%20toolkit%20designed%20to%20help%20advocates%20talk%20more%20effectively%20about%20the%20current%20needs%20and%20future%20possibilities%20of%20public%20education.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Ftoolkit%5C%2Fchanging-the-narrative-on-public-education%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A14%3A04Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M5AIHZ9I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20in%20a%20Frame%3F%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fwhats-in-a-frame%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fwhats-in-a-frame%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM5AIHZ9I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%5Cu2019s%20in%20a%20Frame%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Over%20twenty%20years%2C%20drawing%20insights%20from%20the%20social%20sciences%20and%20social%20movements%2C%20the%20FrameWorks%20Institute%20has%20created%20a%20list%20of%20a%20dozen%20significant%20framing%20decisions%2C%20or%20%5Cu201cframe%20elements.%5Cu201d%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fwhats-in-a-frame%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A10%3A30Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HPAXCSVP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BHomepage%2C%26%23x201D%3B%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHPAXCSVP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Homepage%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A09%3A00Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22URRHQT9T%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BFraming%20Social%20Media.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fframing-social-media%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fframing-social-media%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DURRHQT9T%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20Social%20Media%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Even%20small%20language%20choices%20can%20have%20a%20significant%20and%20measurable%20effect%20on%20how%20the%20public%20thinks%20about%20and%20understands%20social%20issues.%20Meaningful%20issue%20engagement%20on%20social%20media%20is%20not%20just%20about...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2Fframing-social-media%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A15%3A05Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IC8F3QFY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BTapping%20into%20the%20Power%20of%20Metaphors.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202020.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ftapping-into-the-power-of-metaphors%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ftapping-into-the-power-of-metaphors%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIC8F3QFY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tapping%20into%20the%20Power%20of%20Metaphors%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Metaphorical%20language%5Cu2014which%20includes%20metaphors%2C%20similes%2C%20analogies%2C%20and%20other%20comparisons%5Cu2014is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20in%20social%20change%20communications.%5Cn%5CnMetaphors%20that%20rely%20on%20everyday%20objects%20or...%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Ftapping-into-the-power-of-metaphors%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A11%3A46Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22THDSKCQT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Walter%20and%20Ophir%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWalter%2C%20Dror%2C%20and%20Yotam%20Ophir.%20%26%23x201C%3BNews%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20An%20Inductive%20Mixed-Method%20Computational%20Approach.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECommunication%20Methods%20and%20Measures%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2013%2C%20no.%204%20%282019%29%3A%20248%26%23x2013%3B66.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2019.1639145%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2019.1639145%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTHDSKCQT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22News%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20An%20Inductive%20Mixed-method%20Computational%20Approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dror%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yotam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ophir%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Framing%20is%20one%20of%20the%20most%20central%2C%20applicable%2C%20and%20contested%20theories%20in%20communication%20research.%20At%20the%20heart%20of%20the%20debate%20on%20framing%20is%20the%20question%20of%20operationalizing%20and%20measuring%20emphasis%20frames.%20We%20harness%20novel%20computational%20tools%20to%20propose%20a%20new%20method%20for%20inductive%20identification%20of%20frames.%20We%20argue%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20frame%20elements%20could%20be%20identified%20using%20topic%20modeling%2C%20and%20that%20frame%20elements%20can%20then%20be%20automatically%20grouped%20into%20frame%20%5Cu201cpackages%5Cu201d%20using%20community%20detection%20techniques%20applied%20to%20the%20topic%20network.%20Building%20upon%20recent%20conceptual%20and%20methodological%20developments%20in%20framing%20research%2C%20we%20introduce%20a%20new%20approach%2C%20the%20Analysis%20of%20Topic%20Model%20Networks%20%28ANTMN%29.%20We%20demonstrate%20the%20applicability%20of%20our%20method%20in%20case%20studies%20where%20framing%20theory%20is%20developed%20and%20fairly%20consistent%2C%20and%20in%20exploratory%20ones%20where%20it%20is%20not%2C%20using%20three%20diverse%20U.S.%20news%20corpora%3A%20the%20coverage%20of%20political%20candidates%20in%20Senate%20races%20%28n%20%3D%208%2C337%20articles%29%2C%20foreign%20nations%20%28n%20%3D%2018%2C216%29%2C%20and%20infectious%20diseases%20and%20epidemics%20%28n%20%3D%205%2C005%29.%20We%20conclude%20by%20discussing%20the%20theoretical%2C%20methodological%2C%20and%20practical%20implications%20of%20ANTMN.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F19312458.2019.1639145%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221931-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2019.1639145%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A08%3A07Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20applied%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222NIMRBWP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f6blich%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EL%26%23xF6%3Bblich%2C%20Maria.%20%26%23x201C%3BAnalyzing%20Talk%20and%20Text%20IV%3A%20Frame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Palgrave%20Handbook%20of%20Methods%20for%20Media%20Policy%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Hilde%20Van%20den%20Bulck%2C%20Manuel%20Puppis%2C%20Karen%20Donders%2C%20and%20Leo%20Van%20Audenhove%2C%20419%26%23x2013%3B33.%20Cham%3A%20Springer%20International%20Publishing%2C%202019.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-16065-4_24%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-16065-4_24%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2NIMRBWP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Analyzing%20Talk%20and%20Text%20IV%3A%20Frame%20Analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22L%5Cu00f6blich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hilde%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20den%20Bulck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puppis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donders%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Audenhove%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20goal%20of%20this%20chapter%20is%20to%20present%20qualitative%20frame%20analysis%20as%20a%20way%20of%20studying%20public%20media%20policy%20debates%20in%20general%20and%20media%20policy%20positions%20in%20particular.%20Frames%20are%20the%20tools%20employed%20in%20media%20policy%20debates%20to%20assert%20a%20particular%20definition%20of%20what%20is%20actually%20the%20problem%2C%20of%20who%20is%20to%20blame%20or%20what%20are%20the%20causes%20of%20the%20problem%2C%20of%20the%20moral%20evaluation%20of%20the%20problem%20and%20of%20what%20is%20to%20be%20done%20about%20it.%20They%20are%20strategic%20instruments%20for%20actors%20who%20need%20acceptance%20for%20their%20views%20or%20decisions%20and%20who%20try%20to%20gain%20legitimacy%20by%20overemphasizing%2C%20downplaying%20or%20completely%20excluding%20certain%20aspects%20of%20an%20issue.%20Frames%20serve%20to%20narrow%20the%20available%20political%20alternatives%20and%20guide%20decision-making.%20The%20contribution%20first%20defines%20frame%20as%20a%20concept%20and%20explains%20the%20role%20of%20frames%20in%20media%20policy.%20Next%2C%20it%20critically%20discusses%20three%20aspects%20of%20frame%20analysis%20in%20communication%20studies%3A%20isolated%20identification%20of%20frames%2C%20latency%20of%20frames%20and%20lack%20of%20qualitative%20methodology%20regarding%20frame%20identification.%20This%20discussion%20acknowledges%20that%20frame%20analysis%20is%20a%20perspective%20and%20a%20conceptual%20tool%20rather%20than%20a%20method%20in%20itself%2C%20and%20sees%20frame%20analysis%20as%20guided%20by%20theory%20to%20identify%20and%20explain%20media%20policy%20frames%2C%20using%20categories%20to%20organize%20all%20steps%20of%20the%20research%20process%20and%20applying%20qualitative%20methods%20such%20as%20content%20analysis%20and%20document%20analysis.%20Next%2C%20it%20is%20explained%20how%20frame%20analyses%20can%20be%20conducted%2C%20distinguishing%20four%3A%201.%20Selection%20of%20methods%20and%20material%2C%202.%20Categories%20for%20frame%20identification%2C%203.%20Text%20analysis%2C%204.%20Frame%20%28re-%29construction%20and%20contextualization.%20These%20steps%20are%20illustrated%20with%20two%20specific%20cases.%20The%20frame%20methodology%20suggested%20here%20provides%20orientation%20in%20a%20largely%20under-reflected%20field%20of%20qualitative%20research%20and%20helps%20to%20ensure%20intersubjective%20comprehensibility%20and%20consistency.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Palgrave%20Handbook%20of%20Methods%20for%20Media%20Policy%20Research%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-030-16065-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-030-16065-4_24%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A23%3A52Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XSSQWPT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Parrott%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EParrott%2C%20Scott%2C%20David%20L.%20Albright%2C%20Caitlin%20Dyche%2C%20and%20Hailey%20Grace%20Steele.%20%26%23x201C%3BHero%2C%20Charity%20Case%2C%20and%20Victim%3A%20How%20U.S.%20News%20Media%20Frame%20Military%20Veterans%20on%20Twitter.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EArmed%20Forces%20%26amp%3B%20Society%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2045%2C%20no.%204%20%282019%29%3A%20702%26%23x2013%3B22.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0095327X18784238%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0095327X18784238%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4XSSQWPT%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hero%2C%20Charity%20Case%2C%20and%20Victim%3A%20How%20U.S.%20News%20Media%20Frame%20Military%20Veterans%20on%20Twitter%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parrott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Albright%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caitlin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dyche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hailey%20Grace%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Steele%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Commenters%20often%20criticize%20the%20mass%20media%20for%20providing%20audiences%20a%20narrow%20and%20inaccurate%20representation%20of%20U.S.%20military%20veterans.%20This%20study%20examined%20the%20claim%20by%20researching%20how%20regional%20news%20publications%20in%20the%2050%20states%20represented%20veterans%20on%20Twitter.%20A%20quantitative%20content%20analysis%20documented%20the%20presence%20or%20absence%20of%20characteristics%20in%201%2C460%20tweets%20that%20employed%20the%20terms%20veteran%20or%20veterans.%20Data%20were%20examined%20using%20cluster%20analysis.%20Three%20frames%20emerged.%20The%20most%20prevalent%20frame%2C%20labeled%20charity%2C%20highlighted%20instances%20in%20which%20veterans%20received%20assistance%20from%20charitable%20organizations%20and%20others.%20The%20second%20frame%2C%20hero%2C%20contained%20references%20to%20honor%2C%20World%20War%20II%2C%20and%20content%20that%20would%20elicit%20pride%20from%20audience%20members.%20The%20third%20frame%2C%20victim%2C%20highlighted%20the%20mistreatment%20of%20veterans%20by%20the%20military%20and%5C%2For%20society%2C%20mental%20health%20issues%2C%20politics%2C%20and%20the%20Gulf%20War.%20Results%20suggest%20U.S.%20news%20consumers%20are%20provided%20a%20narrow%20representation%20of%20what%20it%20means%20to%20be%20a%20veteran.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0095327X18784238%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220095-327X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0095327X18784238%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A14%3A59Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22News%20and%20social%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P67FUIJG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yl%5Cu00e4-Anttila%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYl%26%23xE4%3B-Anttila%2C%20Tuukka%2C%20Veikko%20Eranti%2C%20and%20Anna%20Kukkonen.%20%26%23x201C%3BTopic%20Modeling%20as%20a%20Method%20for%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20Data%20Mining%20the%20Climate%20Change%20Debate%20in%20India%20and%20the%20USA.%26%23x201D%3B%20Preprint.%20SocArXiv%2C%202018.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.31235%5C%2Fosf.io%5C%2Fdgc38.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP67FUIJG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Topic%20Modeling%20as%20a%20Method%20for%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20Data%20Mining%20the%20Climate%20Change%20Debate%20in%20India%20and%20the%20USA%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tuukka%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yl%5Cu00e4-Anttila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Veikko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eranti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kukkonen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20proposes%20an%20operationalization%20of%20topic%20modeling%20as%20a%20data%20mining%20method%20for%20studying%20framing%20in%20public%20debates.%20We%20argue%20that%20%27topics%27%20can%20be%20interpreted%20as%20frames%2C%20if%201%29%20frames%20are%20operationalized%20as%20connections%20between%20concepts%2C%202%29%20subject-specific%20data%20is%20selected%2C%20and%203%29%20topics%20are%20adequately%20validated%20as%20frames%2C%20for%20which%20we%20suggest%20a%20practical%20procedure.%20As%20an%20empirical%20example%2C%20we%20study%20the%20global%20climate%20change%20debate%20in%20the%20media%2C%20by%20comparing%20frames%20used%20by%20NGO%27s%2C%20governments%20and%20experts%20in%20India%20and%20the%20USA.%20Our%20model%20identifies%2012%20framings%20of%20climate%20change%2C%20used%20in%20varied%20proportions%20by%20the%20different%20actors%20in%20the%20two%20countries.%20Topic%20modeling%20frames%20enables%20the%20usage%20of%20larger%20datasets%20and%20facilitates%20discovery%20of%20previously%20unnoticed%20framing%20patterns.%20It%20does%20not%20replace%20qualitative%20interpretation%2C%20but%20rather%20complements%20it%20by%20enabling%20a%20degree%20of%20automated%20classification%20before%20the%20interpretive%20stage.%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22SocArXiv%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fosf.io%5C%2Fdgc38%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A07%3A49Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20applied%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WBFNMBGM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Egres%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEgres%2C%20Dorottya.%20%26%23x201C%3BSymbolic%20and%20Realistic%20Threats%20%26%23x2013%3B%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%20Political%20and%20Media%20Discourses%20about%20Refugees%20and%20Migrants.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ESociety%20and%20Economy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2040%2C%20no.%203%20%282018%29%3A%20463%26%23x2013%3B77.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1556%5C%2F204.2018.40.3.11%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1556%5C%2F204.2018.40.3.11%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWBFNMBGM%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Symbolic%20and%20realistic%20threats%20%5Cu2013%20frame%20analysis%20of%20political%20and%20media%20discourses%20about%20refugees%20and%20migrants%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorottya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Egres%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20domination%20of%20the%20news%20media%20by%20the%20political%20sphere%20in%20Hungary%20is%20continuously%20debated%20in%20public%20and%20scientific%20discourses.%20The%20issue%20of%20migration%20has%20resurfaced%20on%20the%20Hungarian%20political%20and%20media%20agenda%20following%20the%20refugee%20crisis%20of%202015.%20The%20first%20part%20of%20the%20paper%20offers%20a%20theoretical%20overview%20of%20frame%20analysis.%20Framing%20refers%20to%20making%20an%20aspect%20of%20an%20issue%20salient%2C%20thus%20suggesting%20a%20certain%20interpretation%20and%20evaluation%20of%20the%20issue.%20In%20the%20second%20part%2C%20the%20methodology%20of%20frame%20analysis%20is%20used%20to%20explore%20representations%20of%20refugees%20and%20migrants%20in%20two%20parliamentary%20speeches%20of%20the%20Hungarian%20Prime%20Minister%20and%20three%20online%20media%20outlets%20of%20different%20political%20orientations%20%28H%5Cu00edrad%5Cu00f3%2C%20Index%2C%20Origo%29%20in%20September%20and%20November%202015.%20The%20results%20show%20that%20the%20PM%20framed%20the%20issue%20as%20a%20symbolic%20threat%20and%20political%20conflict%2C%20while%20the%20media%20emphasized%20realistic%20threats%2C%20the%20politically%20divided%20and%20humanitarian%20aspect%20of%20migration.%20The%20article%20highlights%20some%20of%20the%20instances%20where%20the%20media%20does%20not%20follow%20the%20political%20discourse.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1556%5C%2F204.2018.40.3.11%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221588-9726%2C%201588-970X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fakjournals.com%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2F204%5C%2F40%5C%2F3%5C%2Farticle-p463.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A48%3A08Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FC8NF8IE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Saltmarshe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ESaltmarshe%2C%20Ella.%20%26%23x201C%3BUsing%20Story%20to%20Change%20Systems%20%28SSIR%29.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EStanford%20Social%20Innovation%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%202018.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssir.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fentry%5C%2Fusing_story_to_change_systems%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssir.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fentry%5C%2Fusing_story_to_change_systems%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFC8NF8IE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20Story%20to%20Change%20Systems%20%28SSIR%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saltmarshe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20need%20to%20develop%20new%20processes%20of%20collective%20storytelling%20across%20sectors%20to%20navigate%20turbulent%20times%20and%20foster%20systems%20change.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssir.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2Fentry%5C%2Fusing_story_to_change_systems%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A26%3A11Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227BKLMWXN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22David%20and%20Baden%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavid%2C%20Clarissa%20C.%2C%20and%20Christian%20Baden.%20%26%23x201C%3BFrame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EThe%20International%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Communication%20Research%20Methods%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B22.%20American%20Cancer%20Society%2C%202017.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F9781118901731.iecrm0109.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7BKLMWXN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frame%20Analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarissa%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22David%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baden%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Frames%20are%20%5Cu201ccentral%20organizing%20ideas%5Cu201d%20that%20provide%20context%2C%20structure%2C%20and%20meaning%20to%20information%2C%20facilitating%20a%20specific%20interpretation%20of%20an%20issue.%20Counting%20among%20the%20most%20popular%20ideas%20in%20communication%20study%20in%20recent%20years%2C%20variants%20of%20frame%20analysis%20have%20developed%20within%20a%20variety%20of%20disciplines%20inside%20and%20outside%20of%20communication.%20Methodologically%2C%20qualitative%20as%20well%20as%20quantitative%20approaches%20to%20frame%20analysis%20can%20be%20organized%20along%20three%20dimensions%3A%20their%20capture%20of%20latent%20versus%20manifest%20meanings%2C%20their%20adherence%20to%20inductive%20versus%20deductive%20processes%2C%20and%20their%20focus%20on%20generic%20or%20issue-specific%20frames.%20Increasing%20numbers%20of%20studies%20using%20frame%20analytic%20techniques%20have%20resulted%20in%20a%20contested%20and%20fragmented%20set%20of%20methods%2C%20the%20most%20influential%20of%20which%20are%20discussed%20in%20this%20entry.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20International%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Communication%20Research%20Methods%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-118-90173-1%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2F9781118901731.iecrm0109%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A28%3A27Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CI3X7FFI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BFraming%20During%20an%20Economic%20Downturn.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202017.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fframing-during-an-economic-downturn%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fframing-during-an-economic-downturn%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCI3X7FFI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20During%20an%20Economic%20Downturn%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BBeginning%20of%20article%3A%5D%20An%20economic%20recession%20is%20a%20moment%20when%20change%20is%20inevitable%20%5Cu2013%20for%20better%20or%20for%20worse.%20We%20can%20use%20our%20communications%20power%20to%20shape%20this%20change.%5Cn%5CnOn%20the%20road%20to%20economic%20recovery%2C%20we%20can%20anticipate%20some%20of%20the%20framing%20challenges%20that%20we%5Cu2019ll%20encounter.%20We%5Cu2019ll%20meet%20fatalism%3A%20when%20things%20are%20bad%2C%20we%5Cu2019ll%20be%20told%20they%20can%5Cu2019t%20be%20any%20different.%20We%20will%20encounter%20zero-sum%20thinking%20in%20the%20form%20of%20the%20idea%20that%20since%20there%20isn%5Cu2019t%20enough%20to%20go%20around%2C%20tough%20choices%20must%20be%20made%20and%20some%20needs%20just%20can%5Cu2019t%20be%20met.%20Some%20voices%20will%20fuel%20division%20and%20discord%20by%20emphasizing%20winners%20and%20losers%2C%20casting%20economic%20policy%20choices%20in%20us%20vs.%20them%20terms.%5Cn%5CnIf%20we%20don%5Cu2019t%20strategically%20counteract%20these%20ways%20of%20thinking%2C%20they%20will%20undermine%20the%20very%20idea%20of%20a%20more%20inclusive%2C%20more%20equitable%2C%20and%20more%20sustainable%20future.%5Cn%5CnThis%20means%20that%20the%20way%20we%20talk%20about%20the%20economy%20is%20of%20vital%20importance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fframing-during-an-economic-downturn%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A22%3A06Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20and%20economic%20value%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QYNLLDGV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pashakhin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPashakhin%2C%20Sergey.%20%26%23x201C%3BTopic%20Modeling%20for%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%20News%20Media.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EProceeding%20of%20the%20Ainl%20Fruct%202016%20Conference%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20103%26%23x2013%3B5.%20Saint-Petersburg%2C%202016.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F321771922_Topic_Modeling_for_Frame_Analysis_of_News_Media%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F321771922_Topic_Modeling_for_Frame_Analysis_of_News_Media%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQYNLLDGV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Topic%20Modeling%20for%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%20News%20Media%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sergey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pashakhin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Media%20frames%20have%20been%20traditionally%20extracted%20via%20manual%20content%20and%20discourse%20analysis.%20Such%20approach%20has%20a%20limited%20ability%20to%20deal%20with%20large%20text%20collections%20and%20is%20prone%20to%20subjectivity%20both%20in%20terms%20of%20text%20selection%20and%20interpretation.%20We%20illustrate%20possibilities%20and%20limitations%20of%20topic%20modeling%20for%20frame%20detection%20applying%20this%20method%20to%20a%20collection%20of%2050%2C000%20news%20items%20related%20to%20the%20Ukrainian%20crisis%20and%20retrieved%20from%20a%20Russian%20and%20a%20Ukrainian%20TV%20channels%20websites.%20We%20conclude%20that%20although%20topic%20modeling%20results%20allow%20to%20make%20assumptions%20about%20how%20topic%20is%20framed%20it%20is%20still%20not%20as%20precise%20as%20human%20reading%20of%20texts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Proceeding%20of%20the%20Ainl%20Fruct%202016%20Conference%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22Artificial%20Intelligence%20and%20Natural%20Language%20AINL%20FRUCT%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F321771922_Topic_Modeling_for_Frame_Analysis_of_News_Media%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A08%3A12Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20model%20applied%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Topic%20modeling%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WT3M5NMV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Joslyn%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJoslyn%2C%20Heather.%20%26%23x201C%3BWords%20That%20Change%20Minds.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EChronicle%20of%20Philanthropy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20no.%20September%20%282016%29%3A%2020%26%23x2013%3B24.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2F2020%5C%2F03%5C%2Fchroniclephilanthropy_wordsthatchangeminds_2016.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2F2020%5C%2F03%5C%2Fchroniclephilanthropy_wordsthatchangeminds_2016.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWT3M5NMV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Words%20That%20Change%20Minds%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joslyn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fuploads%5C%2F2020%5C%2F03%5C%2Fchroniclephilanthropy_wordsthatchangeminds_2016.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A38%3A16Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AKECIXL4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Qin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EQin%2C%20Jie.%20%26%23x201C%3BHero%20on%20Twitter%2C%20Traitor%20on%20News%3A%20How%20Social%20Media%20and%20Legacy%20News%20Frame%20Snowden.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EThe%20International%20Journal%20of%20Press%5C%2FPolitics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2020%2C%20no.%202%20%282015%29%3A%20166%26%23x2013%3B84.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1940161214566709%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1940161214566709%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DAKECIXL4%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hero%20on%20Twitter%2C%20Traitor%20on%20News%3A%20How%20Social%20Media%20and%20Legacy%20News%20Frame%20Snowden%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Is%20Edward%20Snowden%20a%20hero%20or%20traitor%3F%20In%20what%20ways%20do%20frames%20on%20social%20media%20and%20legacy%20news%20differ%20in%20covering%20the%20incident%20of%20Edward%20Snowden%3F%20Utilizing%20the%20approach%20of%20semantic%20network%20analysis%2C%20the%20study%20found%20social%20media%20users%20associated%20Snowden%5Cu2019s%20case%20with%20other%20whistle-blowers%2C%20bipartisan%20issues%2C%20and%20personal%20privacy%20issues%2C%20while%20professional%20journalists%20associated%20the%20Snowden%20incident%20with%20issues%20of%20national%20security%20and%20international%20relations.%20Frames%20on%20social%20media%20portray%20Edward%20Snowden%20as%20a%20hero%20while%20the%20frames%20on%20legacy%20news%20make%20him%20a%20traitor.%20The%20study%20further%20identified%20media%20frames%20on%20social%20media%20and%20legacy%20news%20differ%20in%20two%20ways%3A%20word%20selection%20and%20word%20salience.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20study%20discussed%20the%20challenges%20and%20opportunities%20of%20framing%20analysis%20in%20the%20context%20of%20social%20media.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1940161214566709%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221940-1612%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1940161214566709%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A59%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22News%20and%20social%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G2WVCC52%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Xie%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EXie%2C%20Lei.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Story%20of%20Two%20Big%20Chimneys%3A%20A%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%20Climate%20Change%20in%20US%20and%20Chinese%20Newspapers.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Intercultural%20Communication%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2044%2C%20no.%202%20%282015%29%3A%20151%26%23x2013%3B77.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F17475759.2015.1011593%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F17475759.2015.1011593%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG2WVCC52%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Story%20of%20Two%20Big%20Chimneys%3A%20A%20Frame%20Analysis%20of%20Climate%20Change%20in%20US%20and%20Chinese%20Newspapers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Xie%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20mounting%20research%20on%20how%20the%20news%20media%20portrayed%20climate%20change%20in%20developed%20countries%2C%20disproportionately%20little%20attention%20was%20paid%20to%20one%20of%20the%20top%20greenhouse%20gas%20emitters%20in%20the%20world%5Cu2014China.%20This%20study%20systematically%20examined%20and%20compared%20how%20the%20US%20and%20Chinese%20newspapers%20portrayed%20climate%20change.%20An%20analytical%20framework%2C%20grounded%20in%20framing%20research%20traditions%2C%20took%20into%20account%20both%20theoretical%20and%20practical%20challenges%20in%20frame%20analysis%20by%20creating%20a%20hybrid%20structure%20of%20interlocked%20generic%20and%20issue-specific%20frames.%20The%20results%20showed%20both%20convergent%20and%20divergent%20pictures%20from%20the%20two%20countries%5Cu2019%20newspapers%20shaped%20distinctly%20by%20the%20sociopolitical%20realities%20in%20both%20countries.%20The%20research%20also%20cautioned%20against%20making%20simplistic%20explanations%20of%20the%20results%20and%20offered%20culturally%20informed%20interpretations.%20A%20discussion%20on%20better%20research%20focus%20and%20design%20was%20offered%20for%20future%20research%20in%20this%20avenue.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F17475759.2015.1011593%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221747-5759%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F17475759.2015.1011593%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A49%3A30Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QE79DFJV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFrameWorks%20Institute.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Storytelling%20Power%20of%20Numbers.%26%23x201D%3B%20FrameWorks%20Institute%2C%202015.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fthe-storytelling-power-of-numbers%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fthe-storytelling-power-of-numbers%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQE79DFJV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Storytelling%20Power%20of%20Numbers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22FrameWorks%20Institute%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BExample%20of%20a%20%5C%22lesson%5C%22%20from%20article%3A%5D%20Lesson%20%231%3A%20Unless%20numbers%20are%20embedded%20in%20a%20story%20you%5Cu2019ve%20framed%2C%20the%20public%20will%20use%20the%20stories%20they%20know%20to%20make%20sense%20of%20them.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frameworksinstitute.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fthe-storytelling-power-of-numbers%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A19%3A40Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SYM5N2NA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Br%5Cu00fcggemann%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBr%26%23xFC%3Bggemann%2C%20Michael.%20%26%23x201C%3BBetween%20Frame%20Setting%20and%20Frame%20Sending%3A%20How%20Journalists%20Contribute%20to%20News%20Frames.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECommunication%20Theory%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2024%2C%20no.%201%20%282014%29%3A%2061%26%23x2013%3B82.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcomt.12027%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fcomt.12027%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DSYM5N2NA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Between%20Frame%20Setting%20and%20Frame%20Sending%3A%20How%20Journalists%20Contribute%20to%20News%20Frames%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Br%5Cu00fcggemann%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Framing%20has%20grown%20into%20a%20thriving%20approach%20to%20analyze%20media%20content%20and%20effects.%20Research%20on%20frame%20building%20is%20less%20well%20developed.%20In%20particular%2C%20journalists%5Cu2019%20contributions%20to%20shaping%20the%20frames%20in%20the%20news%20deserve%20further%20analysis.%20This%20article%20conceptualizes%20these%20contributions%20to%20creating%20news%20frames%3A%20Journalistic%20framing%20practices%20are%20situated%20on%20a%20continuum%20between%20frame%20setting%20and%20frame%20sending.%20Journalists%20frame%20their%20articles%20more%20or%20less%20in%20line%20with%20their%20own%20interpretations.%20The%20challenge%20for%20research%20is%20to%20identify%20the%20conditions%20that%20determine%20the%20degree%20of%20journalistic%20frame%20setting.%20The%20article%20therefore%20identifies%20mechanisms%20and%20factors%20that%20play%20a%20role%20in%20determining%20to%20what%20degree%20journalistic%20frame%20enactment%20takes%20place.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fcomt.12027%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221050-3293%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fct%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F24%5C%2F1%5C%2F61%5C%2F4061187%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A00%3A59Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2245LNNE27%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burscher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBurscher%2C%20Bj%26%23xF6%3Brn%2C%20Daan%20Odijk%2C%20Rens%20Vliegenthart%2C%20Maarten%20de%20Rijke%2C%20and%20Claes%20H.%20de%20Vreese.%20%26%23x201C%3BTeaching%20the%20Computer%20to%20Code%20Frames%20in%20News%3A%20Comparing%20Two%20Supervised%20Machine%20Learning%20Approaches%20to%20Frame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECommunication%20Methods%20and%20Measures%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%208%2C%20no.%203%20%282014%29%3A%20190%26%23x2013%3B206.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2014.937527%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2014.937527%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D45LNNE27%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Teaching%20the%20Computer%20to%20Code%20Frames%20in%20News%3A%20Comparing%20Two%20Supervised%20Machine%20Learning%20Approaches%20to%20Frame%20Analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bj%5Cu00f6rn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Odijk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vliegenthart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maarten%20de%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rijke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claes%20H.%20de%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vreese%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20explore%20the%20application%20of%20supervised%20machine%20learning%20%28SML%29%20to%20frame%20coding.%20By%20automating%20the%20coding%20of%20frames%20in%20news%2C%20SML%20facilitates%20the%20incorporation%20of%20large-scale%20content%20analysis%20into%20framing%20research%2C%20even%20if%20financial%20resources%20are%20scarce.%20This%20furthers%20a%20more%20integrated%20investigation%20of%20framing%20processes%20conceptually%20as%20well%20as%20methodologically.%20We%20conduct%20several%20experiments%20in%20which%20we%20automate%20the%20coding%20of%20four%20generic%20frames%20that%20are%20operationalised%20as%20a%20set%20of%20indicator%20questions.%20In%20doing%20so%2C%20we%20compare%20two%20approaches%20to%20modelling%20the%20coherence%20between%20indicator%20questions%20and%20frames%20as%20an%20SML%20task.%20The%20results%20of%20our%20experiments%20show%20that%20SML%20is%20well%20suited%20to%20automate%20frame%20coding%20but%20that%20coding%20performance%20is%20dependent%20on%20the%20way%20SML%20is%20implemented.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F19312458.2014.937527%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221931-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2014.937527%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A28%3A57Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Data%20science%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Machine%20learning%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KQS86SST%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lakoff%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELakoff%2C%20George.%20%3Ci%3EDon%26%23x2019%3Bt%20Think%20of%20an%20Elephant%21%20Know%20Your%20Values%20and%20Frame%20the%20Debate%3A%20The%20Essential%20Guide%20for%20Progressives%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20White%20River%20Junction%2C%20Vt%3A%20Chelsea%20Green%20Pub.%20Co%2C%202014.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKQS86SST%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Don%27t%20think%20of%20an%20elephant%21%20know%20your%20values%20and%20frame%20the%20debate%3A%20the%20essential%20guide%20for%20progressives%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lakoff%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ten%20years%20after%20writing%20the%20definitive%2C%20international%20bestselling%20book%20on%20political%20debate%20and%20messaging%2C%20George%20Lakoff%20returns%20with%20new%20strategies%20about%20how%20to%20frame%20today%5Cu2019s%20essential%20issues.%5Cn%5CnCalled%20the%20%5Cu201cfather%20of%20framing%5Cu201d%20by%20The%20New%20York%20Times%2C%20Lakoff%20explains%20how%20framing%20is%20about%20ideas%5Cu2014ideas%20that%20come%20before%20policy%2C%20ideas%20that%20make%20sense%20of%20facts%2C%20ideas%20that%20are%20proactive%20not%20reactive%2C%20positive%20not%20negative%2C%20ideas%20that%20need%20to%20be%20communicated%20out%20loud%20every%20day%20in%20public.%5Cn%5CnThe%20ALL%20NEW%20Don%5Cu2019t%20Think%20of%20an%20Elephant%21%20picks%20up%20where%20the%20original%20book%20left%20off%5Cu2014delving%20deeper%20into%20how%20framing%20works%2C%20how%20framing%20has%20evolved%20in%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20how%20to%20speak%20to%20people%20who%20harbor%20elements%20of%20both%20progressive%20and%20conservative%20worldviews%2C%20how%20to%20counter%20propaganda%20and%20slogans%2C%20and%20more.%5Cn%5CnIn%20this%20updated%20and%20expanded%20edition%2C%20Lakoff%2C%20urges%20progressives%20to%20go%20beyond%20the%20typical%20laundry%20list%20of%20facts%2C%20policies%2C%20and%20programs%20and%20present%20a%20clear%20moral%20vision%20to%20the%20country%5Cu2014one%20that%20is%20traditionally%20American%20and%20can%20become%20a%20guidepost%20for%20developing%20compassionate%2C%20effective%20policy%20that%20upholds%20citizens%5Cu2019%20well-being%20and%20freedom.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-60358-594-1%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T20%3A49%3A46Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MGTA4QTQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wasike%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWasike%2C%20Ben%20S.%20%26%23x201C%3BFraming%20News%20in%20140%20Characters%3A%20How%20Social%20Media%20Editors%20Frame%20the%20News%20and%20Interact%20with%20Audiences%20via%20Twitter.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EGlobal%20Media%20Journal--Canadian%20Edition%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%206%2C%20no.%201%20%282013%29%3A%205%26%23x2013%3B23.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FBen_Wasike%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F279545539_Framing_News_in_140_Characters_How_Social_Media_Editors_Frame_the_News_and_Interact_with_Audiences_via_Twitter%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F57de207e08ae4e6f1849adc1.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FBen_Wasike%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F279545539_Framing_News_in_140_Characters_How_Social_Media_Editors_Frame_the_News_and_Interact_with_Audiences_via_Twitter%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F57de207e08ae4e6f1849adc1.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMGTA4QTQ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20News%20in%20140%20Characters%3A%20How%20Social%20Media%20Editors%20Frame%20the%20News%20and%20Interact%20with%20Audiences%20via%20Twitter%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wasike%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20social%20media%20editor%2C%20the%20newsroom%20liaison%20to%20the%20digital%20world%2C%20is%20the%20newest%20position%20in%20journalism.%20This%20study%20used%20content%20analysis%20to%20examine%20how%20these%20editors%20interacted%20with%20audiences%20on%20Twitter%3B%20which%20frames%20occurred%20within%20the%20news%20articles%20they%20posted%20via%20Twitter%20and%20if%20these%20two%20points%20of%20foci%20varied%20according%20to%20the%20media%20format%20the%20SMEs%20represent%5Cu2014print%20vs.%20TV%20news.%20TV%20SMEs%20were%20more%20personal%20in%20their%20interaction%20with%20their%20Twitter%20followers.%20They%20also%20posted%20more%20articles%20that%20carried%20the%20technology%20frame%20while%20print%20SMEs%20emphasized%20the%20human%20interest%2C%20conflict%20and%20economic%20impact%20frames%20the%20most.%20Overall%2C%20all%20SMEs%20emphasized%20technology%20and%20human%20interest%20stories%20while%20downplaying%20the%20conflict%20and%20economic%20impact%20frames.%20This%20particular%20finding%20goes%20against%20the%20norm%20since%20research%20shows%20that%20mainstream%20news%20coverage%20emphasizes%20conflict%20and%20economic%20frames%20while%20readers%20follow%20disaster%2C%20economic%20and%20political%20news%20the%20closest.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.researchgate.net%5C%2Fprofile%5C%2FBen_Wasike%5C%2Fpublication%5C%2F279545539_Framing_News_in_140_Characters_How_Social_Media_Editors_Frame_the_News_and_Interact_with_Audiences_via_Twitter%5C%2Flinks%5C%2F57de207e08ae4e6f1849adc1.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A59%3A26Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22News%20and%20social%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CGUNTLAZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e4nggli%20and%20Kriesi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EH%26%23xE4%3Bnggli%2C%20Regula%2C%20and%20Hanspeter%20Kriesi.%20%26%23x201C%3BFrame%20Construction%20and%20Frame%20Promotion%20%28Strategic%20Framing%20Choices%29.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EAmerican%20Behavioral%20Scientist%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2056%2C%20no.%203%20%282012%29%3A%20260%26%23x2013%3B78.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0002764211426325%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0002764211426325%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCGUNTLAZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frame%20Construction%20and%20Frame%20Promotion%20%28Strategic%20Framing%20Choices%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e4nggli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanspeter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kriesi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20article%2C%20the%20authors%20discuss%20the%20three%20most%20important%20strategic%20framing%20choices%20by%20political%20actors%20%28%5Cu201csubstantive%20emphasis%20choice%2C%5Cu201d%20%5Cu201coppositional%20emphasis%20choice%2C%5Cu201d%20and%20%5Cu201ccontest%20emphasis%20choice%5Cu201d%29%20of%20direct-democratic%20campaigns.%20The%20authors%20investigate%20these%20strategic%20framing%20choices%20in%20the%20media%20input%20and%20look%20at%20how%20the%20political%20actors%20change%20their%20choices%20in%20another%20communication%20channel%20%28political%20advertisement%29%20and%20over%20time.%20The%20results%20provide%20the%20following%20insights%3A%20First%2C%20political%20actors%20tend%20to%20emphasize%20one%20to%20two%20main%20frames%20in%20their%20media%20input.%20They%20generally%20also%20use%20their%20main%20frames%20in%20the%20political%20advertisements%20and%20stay%20on%20their%20main%20frames%20over%20time.%20Second%2C%20although%20political%20actors%20tend%20to%20emphasize%20their%20own%20frames%2C%20they%20do%20not%20exclusively%20revert%20to%20this%20behavior.%20The%20authors%20find%20that%20the%20political%20actors%20pay%20more%20attention%20to%20their%20opponents%5Cu2019%20frames%20in%20the%20media%20input%20than%20in%20the%20ads.%20With%20regard%20to%20variation%20over%20time%2C%20the%20authors%20can%20state%20that%20campaign%20dialogue%20does%20not%20disappear%20over%20the%20course%20of%20the%20campaign.%20Third%2C%20framing%20is%20primarily%20accomplished%20in%20substantive%20terms.%20In%20the%20advertisements%20and%20toward%20the%20end%20of%20the%20campaign%2C%20the%20authors%20do%20not%20find%20more%20contest%20frames.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0002764211426325%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-7642%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0002764211426325%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A11%3A23Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QN48VZJ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Holton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHolton%2C%20Avery%2C%20Brooke%20Weberling%2C%20Christopher%20E.%20Clarke%2C%20and%20Michael%20J.%20Smith.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Blame%20Frame%3A%20Media%20Attribution%20of%20Culpability%20About%20the%20MMR%26%23x2013%3BAutism%20Vaccination%20Scare.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EHealth%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2027%2C%20no.%207%20%282012%29%3A%20690%26%23x2013%3B701.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10410236.2011.633158%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10410236.2011.633158%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQN48VZJ3%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Blame%20Frame%3A%20Media%20Attribution%20of%20Culpability%20About%20the%20MMR%5Cu2013Autism%20Vaccination%20Scare%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Avery%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Holton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brooke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weberling%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clarke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Scholars%20have%20examined%20how%20news%20media%20frame%20events%2C%20including%20responsibility%20for%20causing%20and%20fixing%20problems%2C%20and%20how%20these%20frames%20inform%20public%20judgment.%20This%20study%20analyzed%20281%20newspaper%20articles%20about%20a%20controversial%20medical%20study%20linking%20the%20measles%2C%20mumps%2C%20and%20rubella%20%28MMR%29%20vaccination%20with%20autism.%20Given%20criticism%20of%20the%20study%20and%20its%20potential%20negative%20impact%20on%20vaccination%20rates%20across%20multiple%20countries%2C%20the%20current%20study%20examined%20actors%20to%20whom%20news%20media%20attributed%20blame%20for%20the%20MMR%5Cu2013vaccine%20association%2C%20sources%20used%20to%20support%20those%20attributions%2C%20and%20what%20solutions%20%28e.g.%2C%20mobilizing%20information%29%2C%20if%20any%2C%20were%20offered.%20This%20study%20provides%20unique%20insight%20by%20examining%20the%20evolution%20of%20these%20attributions%20over%20the%20lifetime%20of%20the%20controversy.%20Findings%20emphasize%20how%20news%20media%20may%20attribute%20blame%20in%20health%20risk%20communication%20and%20how%20that%20ascription%20plays%20a%20potentially%20vital%20role%20in%20shaping%20public%20behavior.%20Theoretical%20and%20practical%20implications%20are%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F10410236.2011.633158%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221041-0236%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10410236.2011.633158%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A51%3A42Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KYVDTJDG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Linstr%5Cu00f5m%20and%20Marais%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELinstr%26%23xF5%3Bm%2C%20Margaret%2C%20and%20Willemien%20Marais.%20%26%23x201C%3BQualitative%20News%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20A%20Methodology.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECommunitas%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2017%20%282012%29%3A%2021%26%23x2013%3B38.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ufs.ac.za%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fcom%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F991%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ufs.ac.za%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fcom%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F991%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKYVDTJDG%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Qualitative%20news%20frame%20analysis%3A%20a%20methodology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaret%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Linstr%5Cu00f5m%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Willemien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marais%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Framing%20theory%20has%20become%20increasingly%20popular%20in%20media%20analysis.%20The%20idea%20of%20framing%20is%20based%20largely%20upon%20the%20book%20by%20sociologist%20Erving%20Goffman%20%281974%29%20titled%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20An%20essay%20on%20the%20organization%20of%20experience.%20Goffman%20used%20the%20idea%20of%20frames%20to%20label%20%5Cu201cschemata%20of%20interpretation%5Cu201d%20that%20allow%20people%20%5Cu201cto%20locate%2C%20perceive%2C%20identify%2C%20and%20label%5Cu201d%20occurrences%20or%20events.%20With%20Robert%20Entman%5Cu2019s%201993%20paper%2C%20frame%20analysis%20evolved%20into%20an%20important%20methodology.%20Since%20Goffman%20introduced%20the%20concept%20of%20frame%20analysis%20and%20Entman%20applied%20framing%20to%20the%20analysis%20of%20mass%20media%2C%20researchers%20have%20utilised%20it%20to%20understand%20how%20print%20and%20other%20media%20present%20information.%20Consequently%20for%20the%20last%20almost%20four%20decades%2C%20leading%20media%20scholars%20have%20applied%20the%20concept%20of%20framing%20to%20explain%20how%20the%20media%20structure%20their%20delivery%20of%20news%2C%20promoting%20certain%20interpretations%20of%20events%20by%20selecting%20certain%20facts.%20Frame%20analysis%20serves%20four%20main%20purposes%20within%20the%20context%20of%20media%20research%20%5Cu2013%20to%20define%20problems%2C%20to%20diagnose%20a%20course%2C%20to%20make%20value%20judgments%2C%20and%20to%20suggest%20remedies%20%28Entman%201993%3A%2052%29.%20In%20this%20article%2C%20the%20authors%20review%20the%20meaning%20of%20the%20concept%20of%20frame%20analysis%2C%20approaches%20to%20studying%20news%20framing%2C%20and%20qualitative%20news%20frame%20analysis.%20After%20defining%20news%20frames%2C%20we%20articulate%20a%20method%20for%20identifying%20news%20frames%20in%20print%20media.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222415-0525%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.ufs.ac.za%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fcom%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F991%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A26%3A18Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CHBLRY9Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McFarland%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcFarland%2C%20Katherine.%20%26%23x201C%3BMedia%20Influence%20and%20Frame%20Diversity%20in%20the%20Debate%20Over%20Same-Sex%20Marriage.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Communication%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2014%2C%20no.%204%20%282011%29%3A%20255%26%23x2013%3B78.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10714421.2011.624002%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10714421.2011.624002%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCHBLRY9Y%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Media%20Influence%20and%20Frame%20Diversity%20in%20the%20Debate%20Over%20Same-Sex%20Marriage%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McFarland%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%20the%20author%20uses%20content%20analysis%20of%20newspaper%20articles%20to%20analyze%20the%20frames%20used%20in%20debates%20over%20constitutional%20amendments%20that%20legally%20prohibit%20same-sex%20marriage%20and%20other%20relationship%20recognition.%20The%20findings%20from%20this%20analysis%20contradict%20previous%20research%20on%20mediated%20public%20discussion%20of%20lesbian%2C%20gay%2C%20bisexual%2C%20and%20transgender%20rights%20that%20find%20polarization%20by%20values%20of%20equal%20rights%20versus%20traditional%20morality.%20Instead%2C%20analysis%20shows%20that%20debates%20also%20invoke%20broader%20themes%20including%20support%20of%20children%2C%20competing%20claims%20of%20harm%2C%20and%20separation%20of%20government%20powers.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20author%20finds%20that%20elites%20and%20nonelites%20use%20themes%20of%20morality%2C%20marriage%2C%20and%20children%20at%20different%20rates%20and%20thus%20cautions%20against%20models%20that%20assume%20too%20high%20an%20influence%20of%20elites%20on%20nonelite%20public%20debate.%20This%20research%20adds%20to%20the%20literature%20on%20the%20role%20of%20newspapers%20in%20mediating%20public%20discussion%20and%20has%20broader%20implications%20for%20the%20culture%20wars%20hypothesis.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F10714421.2011.624002%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221071-4421%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10714421.2011.624002%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A27%3A07Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JUJYMZMI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e4nggli%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EH%26%23xE4%3Bnggli%2C%20Regula.%20%26%23x201C%3BKey%20Factors%20in%20Frame%20Building.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EPolitical%20Communication%20in%20Direct%20Democratic%20Campaigns%3A%20Enlightening%20or%20Manipulating%3F%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20edited%20by%20Hanspeter%20Kriesi%2C%20125%26%23x2013%3B42.%20Challenges%20to%20Democracy%20in%20the%2021st%20Century%20Series.%20London%3A%20Palgrave%20Macmillan%20UK%2C%202011.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1057%5C%2F9780230343214_9%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1057%5C%2F9780230343214_9%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DJUJYMZMI%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Key%20Factors%20in%20Frame%20Building%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regula%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e4nggli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hanspeter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kriesi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20chapter%2C%20we%20focus%20on%20the%20relationship%20between%20political%20actors%20and%20the%20mass%20media.%20We%20use%20media%20frames%20as%20dependent%20variables%20and%20investigate%20the%20processes%20that%20influence%20the%20creation%20or%20changes%20of%20frames%20applied%20by%20journalists%20%28the%20frames%20in%20%5Cu2018news%20media%5Cu2019%29.%20This%20has%20come%20to%20be%20known%20as%20%5Cu2018frame%20building%5Cu2019%20%28Scheufele%201999%29.%20These%20mechanisms%20have%20been%20largely%20neglected%20so%20far.%20This%20chapter%20first%20explores%20the%20ability%20of%20political%20actors%20to%20use%20their%20media%20input%20to%20influence%20media%20frames%2C%20and%20investigates%20whether%20the%20relationship%20between%20political%20actors%20and%20journalists%20is%20reciprocal%20or%20unidirectional.%20Based%20on%20the%20assumption%20that%20media%20input%20by%20political%20actors%20influences%20news%20media%20frames%2C%20the%20chapter%20then%20looks%20at%20the%20factors%20in%20more%20detail%2C%20with%20particular%20emphasis%20on%20the%20influence%20of%20power%2C%20the%20salience%20of%20frames%20in%20media%20input%2C%20and%20the%20multiplication%20effect%20of%20the%20minister%20%28i.e.%20the%20Federal%20Councillor%29.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Political%20Communication%20in%20Direct%20Democratic%20Campaigns%3A%20Enlightening%20or%20Manipulating%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-230-34321-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1057%5C%2F9780230343214_9%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A26%3A14Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N33P5JDX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22David%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDavid%2C%20Clarissa%20C.%2C%20Jenna%20Mae%20Atun%2C%20Erika%20Fille%2C%20and%20Christopher%20Monterola.%20%26%23x201C%3BFinding%20Frames%3A%20Comparing%20Two%20Methods%20of%20Frame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ECommunication%20Methods%20and%20Measures%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%205%2C%20no.%204%20%282011%29%3A%20329%26%23x2013%3B51.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2011.624873%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2011.624873%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN33P5JDX%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Finding%20Frames%3A%20Comparing%20Two%20Methods%20of%20Frame%20Analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarissa%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22David%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenna%20Mae%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Atun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erika%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fille%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monterola%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Detecting%20media%20frames%20has%20spawned%20a%20variety%20of%20methods%2C%20but%20very%20little%20has%20been%20done%20to%20investigate%20whether%20these%20methods%20provide%20comparable%20results.%20This%20article%20compares%20the%20results%20of%20two%20kinds%20of%20human%20coding%20framing%20analysis.%20The%20first%20is%20a%20method%20developed%20by%20Matthes%20and%20Kohring%20%282008%29%20involving%20human%20coding%20of%20elements%20based%20on%20Entman%27s%20%281993%29%20definition%20of%20frames%2C%20and%20the%20second%20coding%20is%20based%20on%20an%20extracted%20set%20of%20frames.%20Cluster%20analysis%20of%20news%20articles%20on%20population%20published%20from%201987%5Cu20132007%20in%20the%20Philippines%20yielded%20an%20optimum%20number%20of%20three%20communities%20or%20frames%20that%20agree%20with%20the%20holistic%20predetermined%20frames.%20Results%20indicate%20support%20for%20the%20validity%20of%20both%20procedures.%20Methodological%20implications%20are%20further%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F19312458.2011.624873%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221931-2458%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F19312458.2011.624873%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A24%3A52Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NBT4MM4I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vliegenthart%20and%20van%20Zoonen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EVliegenthart%2C%20Rens%2C%20and%20Liesbet%20van%20Zoonen.%20%26%23x201C%3BPower%20to%20the%20Frame%3A%20Bringing%20Sociology%20Back%20to%20Frame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EEuropean%20Journal%20of%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2026%2C%20no.%202%20%282011%29%3A%20101%26%23x2013%3B15.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0267323111404838%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0267323111404838%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNBT4MM4I%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Power%20to%20the%20frame%3A%20Bringing%20sociology%20back%20to%20frame%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rens%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vliegenthart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Liesbet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Zoonen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20critically%20reviews%20current%20frame%20and%20framing%20research%20in%20media%20and%20communication%20studies.%20It%20is%20first%20argued%20that%20most%20authors%20fail%20to%20distinguish%20between%20%5Cu2018frame%5Cu2019%20and%20%5Cu2018framing%5Cu2019%20and%20therewith%20produce%20a%20conceptual%20confusion%20and%20imprecision%20that%20is%20not%20conducive%20to%20the%20field.%20Second%2C%20it%20is%20argued%20that%20current%20frame%20and%20framing%20research%20ignore%20sociological%20research%20about%20news%20production%20and%20news%20audiences%20that%20reached%20its%20zenith%20in%20the%201980s%20and%20is%20still%20conceptually%20and%20methodologically%20relevant%20to%20much%20current%20frame%20and%20framing%20research.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20a%20notion%20of%20power%20is%20absent%20from%20most%20current%20frame%20and%20framing%20research.%20By%20discussing%20%5Cu2014%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20key%20literature%20%5Cu2014%20what%20a%20news%20%5Cu2018frame%5Cu2019%20is%2C%20how%20it%20comes%20about%20and%20how%20it%20is%20of%20consequence%20successively%2C%20these%20claims%20are%20substantiated%20and%20research%20directions%20for%20improving%20the%20field%20are%20indicated.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0267323111404838%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220267-3231%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0267323111404838%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A22%3A41Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E74DNL5W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Reese%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EReese%2C%20Stephen%20D%2C%20Oscar%20H%20Gandy%2C%20and%20August%20E%20Grant.%20%3Ci%3EFraming%20Public%20Life%3A%20Perspectives%20on%20Media%20and%20Our%20Understanding%20of%20the%20Social%20World%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20New%20York%3B%20London%3A%20Routledge%2C%202010.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE74DNL5W%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20public%20life%3A%20perspectives%20on%20media%20and%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20social%20world%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oscar%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gandy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22August%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grant%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20distinctive%20volume%20offers%20a%20thorough%20examination%20of%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20meaning%20comes%20to%20be%20shaped.%20Editors%20Stephen%20Reese%2C%20Oscar%20Gandy%2C%20and%20August%20Grant%20employ%20an%20interdisciplinary%20approach%20to%20the%20study%20of%20conceptualizing%20and%20examining%20media.%20They%20illustrate%20how%20texts%20and%20those%20who%20provide%20them%20powerfully%20shape%2C%20or%20%5C%22frame%2C%5C%22%20our%20social%20worlds%20and%20thus%20affect%20our%20public%20life.%20Embracing%20qualitative%20and%20quantitative%2C%20visual%20and%20verbal%2C%20and%20psychological%20and%20sociological%20perspectives%2C%20this%20book%20helps%20media%20consumers%20develop%20a%20multi-faceted%20understanding%20of%20media%20power%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20realm%20of%20news%20and%20public%20affairs.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-8058-4926-4%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A43%3A56Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NDJZT2PV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Manuel%20and%20Davey%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EManuel%2C%20Tiffany%2C%20and%20Lynn%20Davey.%20%26%23x201C%3BStrategic%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20Providing%20the%20%26%23x2018%3BEvidence%26%23x2019%3B%20for%20Evidence-Based%20Communications.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ENew%20Directions%20for%20Youth%20Development%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%202009%2C%20no.%20124%20%282009%29%3A%2029%26%23x2013%3B38.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fyd.322%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fyd.322%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNDJZT2PV%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Strategic%20Frame%20Analysis%3A%20Providing%20the%20%5Cu201cevidence%5Cu201d%20for%20evidence-based%20communications%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiffany%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lynn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davey%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20describes%20the%20five%20major%20phases%20of%20research%20associated%20with%20Strategic%20Frame%20Analysis%2C%20an%20approach%20to%20communications%20research%20and%20practice%20that%20advances%20new%20ways%20of%20pursuing%20social%20change%20of%20entrenched%20and%20complex%20social%20problems.%20This%20multimethod%20approach%20is%20characterized%20by%20multidisciplinary%20and%20iterative%20research%20techniques%20that%20give%20emphasis%20to%20empirical%20testing%20of%20potential%20frame%20effects.%20The%20logic%20behind%20this%20constellation%20of%20methods%20and%20the%20order%20in%20which%20they%20are%20taken%20up%20in%20the%20research%20cycle%20is%20discussed%20as%20an%20introduction%20to%20the%20articles%20that%20follow%20that%20review%20specific%20parts%20of%20the%20research%20trajectory.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fyd.322%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221537-5781%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fyd.322%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A18%3A00Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229ZJG9AAN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fletcher%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFletcher%2C%20Amy%26%23xA0%3B%20%20Lynn.%20%26%23x201C%3BClearing%20the%20Air%3A%20The%20Contribution%20of%20Frame%20Analysis%20to%20Understanding%20Climate%20Policy%20in%20the%20United%20States.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EEnvironmental%20Politics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2018%2C%20no.%205%20%282009%29%3A%20800%26%23x2013%3B816.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09644010903157123%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09644010903157123%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9ZJG9AAN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Clearing%20the%20air%3A%20the%20contribution%20of%20frame%20analysis%20to%20understanding%20climate%20policy%20in%20the%20United%20States%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20%20%20Lynn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fletcher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20illuminates%20the%20politics%20of%20climate%20change%20and%20generates%20ideas%20about%20discursive%20strategies%20that%20can%20assist%20national%20governments%20to%20take%20effective%20action%20on%20climate%20change.%20The%20nature%20of%20frame%20analysis%20and%20its%20links%20to%20discourse%20theory%20and%20social%20constructivist%20epistemology%20are%20discussed%2C%20and%20this%20framework%20used%20to%20show%20how%20climate%20change%20politics%20in%20the%20USA%20under%20the%20second%20Bush%20Presidency%20%282001%5Cu20132008%29%20have%20been%20viewed%20through%20at%20least%20three%20contrasting%20frames%3A%20scientific%20scepticism%3B%20climate%20change%20as%20a%20security%20threat%3B%20and%20climate%20change%20as%20an%20economic%20opportunity.%20The%20last%20of%20these%20frames%2C%20which%20uses%20the%20Apollo%20metaphor%20to%20liken%20the%20task%20of%20controlling%20climate%20change%20to%20the%20effort%20during%20the%201960s%20to%20put%20a%20man%20on%20the%20moon%2C%20is%20especially%20promising%20due%20to%20the%20wide%20appeal%20of%20its%20positive%20framing%20of%20climate%20policy%20in%20terms%20of%20technological%20achievement%2C%20industrial%20transformation%20and%20economic%20opportunity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F09644010903157123%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220964-4016%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frsa.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09644010903157123%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A52%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224ZSVX5VE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Muschert%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMuschert%2C%20Glenn%20W.%20%26%23x201C%3BFrame-Changing%20in%20the%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20a%20School%20Shooting%3A%20The%20Rise%20of%20Columbine%20as%20a%20National%20Concern.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Social%20Science%20Journal%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2046%2C%20no.%201%20%282009%29%3A%20164%26%23x2013%3B70.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.soscij.2008.12.014%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.soscij.2008.12.014%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4ZSVX5VE%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frame-changing%20in%20the%20media%20coverage%20of%20a%20school%20shooting%3A%20The%20rise%20of%20Columbine%20as%20a%20national%20concern%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muschert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20essay%20explores%20the%20media%20frame-changing%20process%20in%20the%20news%20coverage%20of%20the%201999%20Columbine%20shootings%2C%20clarifying%20the%20news%20discourse%20focus%20on%20Columbine%27s%20national%20importance.%20The%20study%20applies%20the%20van%20Dijk%5C%2FBell%20scheme%20of%20media%20analysis%20to%20683%20news%20articles%20from%20print%20and%20broadcast%20media%20published%20within%2030%20days%20following%20the%20incident.%20Insight%20is%20offered%20into%20the%20thematic%20content%20of%20the%20Columbine%20coverage%2C%20including%20the%20school%20shooting%20event%20itself%2C%20reactions%2C%20and%20commentaries.%20Analysis%20indicates%20that%20the%20initial%20focus%20of%20the%20coverage%20was%20what%20happened%20at%20Columbine%2C%20but%20over%20time%20the%20news%20increasingly%20highlighted%20Columbine%27s%20national%20salience.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.soscij.2008.12.014%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220362-3319%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.soscij.2008.12.014%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A41%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NXKQBZR7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22An%20and%20Gower%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAn%2C%20Seon-Kyoung%2C%20and%20Karla%20K.%20Gower.%20%26%23x201C%3BHow%20Do%20the%20News%20Media%20Frame%20Crises%3F%20A%20Content%20Analysis%20of%20Crisis%20News%20Coverage.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EPublic%20Relations%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2035%2C%20no.%202%20%282009%29%3A%20107%26%23x2013%3B12.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pubrev.2009.01.010%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.pubrev.2009.01.010%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNXKQBZR7%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20do%20the%20news%20media%20frame%20crises%3F%20A%20content%20analysis%20of%20crisis%20news%20coverage%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Seon-Kyoung%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22An%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karla%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gower%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20study%20is%20a%20content%20analysis%20of%20crisis%20news%20frames%20found%20in%202006%20crisis%20news%20coverage.%20A%20total%20of%20247%20news%20stories%20were%20analyzed%20to%20examine%20which%20of%20five%20news%20frames%20%28attribution%20of%20responsibility%2C%20human%20interest%2C%20conflict%2C%20morality%2C%20and%20economic%29%20and%20level%20of%20responsibility%20%28individual%20and%20organizational%20level%29%20were%20used%20by%20the%20media%20according%20to%20crisis%20type.%20While%20the%20attribution%20of%20responsibility%20frame%20was%20the%20most%20predominantly%20used%20in%20crisis%20news%20coverage%2C%20the%20use%20of%20each%20of%20the%20five%20frames%20depended%20on%20crisis%20type.%20The%20use%20of%20level%20of%20responsibility%20also%20varied%20by%20crisis%20type%20and%20was%20related%20to%20the%20five%20frames%3B%20individual%20level%20of%20responsibility%20was%20used%20more%20with%20morality%2C%20human%20interest%2C%20and%20attribution%20of%20responsibility%20frames.%20Implications%20and%20suggestions%20based%20on%20the%20results%20were%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.pubrev.2009.01.010%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220363-8111%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0363811109000113%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A30%3A02Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Humanities%20crisis%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22G9BHNZ2S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Matthes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMatthes%2C%20J%26%23xF6%3Brg.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhat%26%23x2019%3Bs%20in%20a%20Frame%3F%20A%20Content%20Analysis%20of%20Media%20Framing%20Studies%20in%20the%20World%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Leading%20Communication%20Journals%2C%201990-2005.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournalism%20%26amp%3B%20Mass%20Communication%20Quarterly%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2086%2C%20no.%202%20%282009%29%3A%20349%26%23x2013%3B67.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900908600206%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900908600206%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DG9BHNZ2S%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%27s%20in%20a%20Frame%3F%20A%20Content%20Analysis%20of%20Media%20Framing%20Studies%20in%20the%20World%27s%20Leading%20Communication%20Journals%2C%201990-2005%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00f6rg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20provides%20a%20systematic%20analysis%20of%20media%20framing%20studies%20in%20the%20world%27s%20leading%20communication%20journals.%20A%20quantitative%20content%20analysis%20of%20131%20studies%20published%20in%20fifteen%20international%20journals%20demonstrates%20how%20frames%20are%20conceptualized%20and%20measured.%20Current%20problems%20in%20framing%20research%20include%20lack%20of%20operational%20precision%2C%20the%20descriptive%20focus%20of%20many%20analyses%2C%20neglect%20of%20visuals%2C%20and%20insufficient%20reporting%20of%20reliability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F107769900908600206%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221077-6990%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900908600206%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A20%3A58Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NTI6C8MY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ribeiro%20and%20Hoyle%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERibeiro%2C%20Branca%20Telles%2C%20and%20Susan%20M.%20Hoyle.%20%26%23x201C%3BFrame%20Analysis.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%3Ci%3EGrammar%2C%20Meaning%20and%20Pragmatics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%2074%26%23x2013%3B90.%20Philadelphia%3A%20John%20Benjamins%2C%202009.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNTI6C8MY%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Branca%20Telles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribeiro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hoyle%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BIntroduction%3A%5D%5CnFrame%20analysis%2C%20a%20way%20of%20studying%20the%20organization%20of%20experience%2C%20is%20an%20approach%20to%20cognition%20and%20interaction%20that%20focuses%20on%20the%20construction%2C%20conveying%2C%20and%20interpretation%20of%20meaning.%20Frames%20affect%20the%20way%20in%20which%20we%20categorize%2C%20remember%2C%20and%20revise%20what%20we%20know%2C%20as%20well%20as%20what%20we%20say%2C%20how%20we%20mean%20it%2C%20how%20others%20hear%20it%2C%20and%20how%20we%20do%20things%20together%20linguistically%20and%20otherwise.%20The%20term%20franie%20and%20the%20related%20terms%20script%20and%20schema%20have%20been%20used%20similarly%20in%20the%20social%20sciences%20as%20well%20as%20artificial%20intelligence.%20Some%20usages%20are%20more%20static%20and%20some%20more%20dynamic%2C%20but%20all%20have%20to%20do%20with%20structures%20of%20expectation%3A%20we%20predict%20what%20new%20experiences%20and%20relationships%20will%20be%20like%20and%20interpret%20them%20against%20our%20prior%20knowledge.%5Cn%5CnA%20frame%20is%20the%20interpretation%20that%20is%20essential%20to%20any%20activity%20or%20text.%20We%20identify%2C%20both%20to%20ourselves%20and%20to%20our%20interactants%2C%20how%20to%20define%20a%20situation%2C%20how%20its%20parts%20fit%20into%20the%20whole%2C%20how%20the%20whole%20relates%20to%20larger%20structures%20of%20experience%2C%20and%20how%20what%20is%20unfolding%20at%20a%20given%20moment%20affects%20what%20will%20come%20next.%20Language%20users%2C%20whether%20conversationalists%2C%20readers%2C%20or%20viewers%20of%20a%20film%2C%20must%20decide%20whether%20a%20message%20--%20a%20statement%2C%20command%2C%20question%2C%20or%20laugh%20--%20is%20hostile%2C%20friendly%2C%20aggressive%2C%20or%20flirtatious%3B%20intended%20to%20amuse%2C%20inform%2C%20annoy%2C%20or%20persuade%3B%20intended%20as%20a%20main%20point%20or%20a%20side%20remark.%20Framing%2C%20then%2C%20is%20a%20matter%20of%20conveyed%20meaning%20more%20than%20literal%20meaning.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Grammar%2C%20Meaning%20and%20Pragmatics%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A10%3A37Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TZMKZEHZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kenix%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKenix%2C%20L.%20J.%20%26%23x201C%3BFrom%20Media%20Frame%20to%20Social%20Change%3F%20A%20Comparative%20Analysis%20of%20Same-Sex%20Rights%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20New%20Zealand%20Press.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EAustralian%20Journal%20of%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2035%2C%20no.%203%20%282008%29%3A%20105%26%23x2013%3B28.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.canterbury.ac.nz%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10092%5C%2F3116%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.canterbury.ac.nz%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10092%5C%2F3116%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTZMKZEHZ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22From%20media%20frame%20to%20social%20change%3F%20A%20comparative%20analysis%20of%20same-sex%20rights%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20New%20Zealand%20press%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kenix%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20research%20explored%20how%20newspapers%20in%20New%20Zealand%20and%20the%20United%20States%20utilised%20four%20%5Cnnews%20frames%20%28conflict%2C%20human%20interest%2C%20morality%20and%20responsibility%29%20about%20same-sex%20rights%20to%20construct%20%5Cna%20cultural%20reality%20during%20a%20critical%20three-year%20period%20of%20crisis%20for%20the%20gay%20and%20lesbian%20community%20in%20both%20%5Cncountries.%20Through%20the%20examination%20of%20277%20newspaper%20articles%2C%20this%20research%20found%20striking%20%5Cndifferences%20between%20coverage%20in%20these%20two%20countries.%20This%20research%20explores%20the%20implications%20of%20these%20%5Cndifferences%20and%20argues%20that%20media%2C%20and%20news%20in%20particular%2C%20can%20function%20as%20an%20authoritative%20version%20of%20%5Cnreality%2C%20particularly%20during%20such%20times%20of%20crisis%20when%20the%20public%20are%20dealing%20with%20issues%20in%20which%20they%20%5Cnmay%20not%20have%20direct%20experience.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220811-6202%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fir.canterbury.ac.nz%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10092%5C%2F3116%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A30%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229JLCLASN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Muschert%20and%20Carr%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMuschert%2C%20Glenn%20W.%2C%20and%20Dawn%20Carr.%20%26%23x201C%3BMedia%20Salience%20and%20Frame%20Changing%20across%20Events%3A%20Coverage%20of%20Nine%20School%20Shootings%2C%201997%26%23x2013%3B2001.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournalism%20%26amp%3B%20Mass%20Communication%20Quarterly%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2083%2C%20no.%204%20%282006%29%3A%20747%26%23x2013%3B66.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900608300402%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900608300402%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9JLCLASN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Media%20Salience%20and%20Frame%20Changing%20across%20Events%3A%20Coverage%20of%20Nine%20School%20Shootings%2C%201997%5Cu20132001%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muschert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dawn%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carr%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20applies%20the%20two-dimensional%20analytical%20framework%20suggested%20by%20Chyi%20and%20McCombs%20to%20assess%20its%20utility%20in%20studying%20frame-changing%20across%20similar%20events%20and%20between%20more%20and%20less%20salient%20events.%20A%20content%20analysis%20examines%20New%20York%20Times%20reportage%20of%20nine%20rampage%20school%20shootings%20occurring%20between%201997%20and%202001%2C%20identifying%20the%20frame-changing%20dynamic%20occurring%20across%20events%20and%20the%20core%20frames%20present%20in%20the%20coverage.%20Ultimately%2C%20the%20methodological%20complexities%20of%20making%20cross-case%20comparisons%20are%20explored%2C%20including%20the%20overlap%20of%20measures%20of%20frame-changing%20and%20salience.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F107769900608300402%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221077-6990%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F107769900608300402%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A44%3A57Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225IHCGB7D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bales%20and%20Gilliam%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBales%2C%20Susan%20Nall%2C%20and%20Franklin%20D.%20Gilliam%20Jr.%20%26%23x201C%3BCommunications%20for%20Social%20Good.%26%23x201D%3B%20White%20paper.%20New%20York%2C%20NY%3A%20Foundation%20Center%2C%202006.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ffoundationcenter.org%5C%2Fgainknowledge%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fpracticematters_08_paper.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ffoundationcenter.org%5C%2Fgainknowledge%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fpracticematters_08_paper.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5IHCGB7D%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Communications%20for%20social%20good%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%20Nall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bales%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Franklin%20D.%2C%20Jr.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gilliam%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BExcerpt%20from%20%5C%22Executive%20Summary%5C%22%3A%5D%20...news%20media%20do%20more%20than%20tell%20us%20what%20to%20think%20about%3B%20they%20also%20direct%20how%20we%20think%20about%20particular%20social%20issues%5Cu2014whether%2C%20for%20example%2C%20we%20consider%20them%20to%20be%20individual%20problems%20necessitating%20better%20behaviors%20or%20whether%20they%20are%20collective%2C%20social%20problems%20requiring%20structural%20policy%20and%20program%20solutions.%20Messages%20conveyed%20by%20mainstream%20media%20take%20on%20the%20value%20of%20public%20narratives%20about%20the%20ways%20of%20the%20world%2C%20and%20different%20types%20of%20stories%20produce%20different%20social%20learning.%20When%20news%20frames%20public%20issues%20narrowly%2C%20as%20problems%20of%20specific%20people%20or%20groups%2C%20support%20for%20policy%20proposals%20plummets.%20When%20a%20media%20story%20highlights%20conditions%20and%20trends%2C%20by%20contrast%2C%20public%20support%20for%20policies%20to%20address%20the%20problem%20increases%20dramatically.%20Further%2C%20how%20the%20media%20frame%20or%20present%20public%20issues%20is%20critical%20to%20the%20final%20resolution%20of%20public%20problems.%20Not%20only%20can%20framing%20affect%20whether%20the%20solution%20to%20any%20given%20social%20problem%20is%20judged%20by%20the%20public%20to%20be%20individual%20or%20collective%2C%20but%20the%20media%5Cu2019s%20use%20of%20a%20specific%20frame%20is%20an%20important%20influence%20on%20the%20way%20people%20judge%20the%20relevance%20and%20legitimacy%20of%20a%20communication%5Cu2019s%20implicit%20or%20explicit%20call%20to%20action.%20This%20set%20of%20findings%20elaborates%20the%20communications%20concept%20called%20%5Cu201cframing.%5Cu201d%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22White%20paper%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Foundation%20Center%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ffoundationcenter.org%5C%2Fgainknowledge%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fpracticematters_08_paper.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A06%3A40Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LWIUZYF5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cokley%20and%20Tilley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECokley%2C%20John%2C%20and%20Elspeth%20Tilley.%20%26%23x201C%3BUnfreezing%20the%20Frame%3A%20Functional%20Frame%20Analysis%20for%20Journalists%20and%20Journalism%20Students.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EAustralian%20Journal%20of%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2032%2C%20no.%201%20%282005%29%3A%2071.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.informit.com.au%5C%2FdocumentSummary%3Bdn%3D200506979%3Bres%3DIELAPA%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.informit.com.au%5C%2FdocumentSummary%3Bdn%3D200506979%3Bres%3DIELAPA%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLWIUZYF5%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Unfreezing%20the%20frame%3A%20functional%20frame%20analysis%20for%20journalists%20and%20journalism%20students%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elspeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tilley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20presents%20two%20case%20studies%20that%20suggest%2C%20in%20different%20but%20complementary%20ways%2C%20that%20the%20critical%20tool%20of%20frame%20analysis%20%28Entman%2C%202002%29%20has%20a%20place%20not%20only%20in%20the%20analytical%20environments%20of%20critical%20media%20research%20and%20media%20studies%20classes%2C%20where%20it%20is%20commonly%20found%2C%20but%20also%20in%20the%20media-production%20oriented%20environments%20of%20skills-based%20journalism%20training%20and%20even%20the%20newsroom.%20The%20expectations%20and%20constraints%20of%20both%20the%20latter%20environments%2C%20however%2C%20necessitate%20forms%20of%20frame%20analysis%20that%20are%20quick%20and%20simple.%20While%20commercial%20pressures%20mean%20newsrooms%20and%20skills-based%20journalism-training%20environments%20are%20likely%20to%20allow%20only%20an%20oversimplified%20approach%20to%20frame%20analysis%2C%20we%20argue%20that%20even%20a%20simple%20understanding%20and%20analysis%20at%20the%20production%20end%20could%20help%20to%20shift%20framing%20in%20ways%20that%20not%20only%20improve%20the%20quality%20and%20depth%20of%20Australasian%20newspapers%27%20news%20coverage%2C%20but%20increase%20reader%20satisfaction%20with%20media%20output.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.informit.com.au%5C%2FdocumentSummary%3Bdn%3D200506979%3Bres%3DIELAPA%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A22%3A04Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZPFQ6Y77%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Johnston%20and%20Noakes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJohnston%2C%20Hank%2C%20and%20John%20A.%20Noakes%2C%20eds.%20%3Ci%3EFrames%20of%20Protest%3A%20Social%20Movements%20and%20the%20Framing%20Perspective%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Lanham%3A%20Rowman%20%26amp%3B%20Littlefield%20Publishers%2C%20Inc%2C%202005.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZPFQ6Y77%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Frames%20of%20protest%3A%20social%20movements%20and%20the%20framing%20perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnston%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Noakes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Frames%20of%20Protest%20brings%20together%20important%20empirical%20research%20and%20theoretical%20essays%20by%20leading%20sociologists%2C%20political%20scientists%2C%20and%20media%20specialists%20that%20focus%20on%20social%20movement%20frames%20and%20framing%20practices.%20Frames%20are%20new%20ways%20of%20understanding%20political%20and%20social%20relations%20that%20emphasize%20injustice%20and%20the%20need%20for%20change.%20As%20such%2C%20they%20are%20crucial%20for%20the%20development%20of%20social%20movements%20and%20protest.%20Frames%20of%20Protest%20is%20the%20only%20book%20to%20focus%20exclusively%20on%20this%20major%20research%20perspective%20in%20social%20movement%20and%20protest%20studies.%5Cn%5CnThirteen%20chapters%20encompass%20the%20major%20themes%20in%20the%20framing%20perspective%20to%20offer%20a%20state-of-the-art%20review.%20Three%20chapters%20present%20evidence%20for%20the%20determining%20influence%20of%20framing%20in%20social%20movement%20mobilization.%20Next%2C%20framing%20activities%20by%20the%20state%20and%20the%20mass%20media%20are%20analyzed.%20Then%2C%20two%20research%20reports%20examine%20the%20effect%20of%20political%20opportunities%20on%20framing-in%20Poland%20under%20the%20Communists%20and%20in%20New%20York%20City%27s%20ethnic%20politics.%20Several%20chapters%20by%20leading%20theorists%20present%20a%20lively%20debate%20about%20the%20relationship%20of%20ideologies%20to%20collective%20action%20frames.%20The%20book%20closes%20with%20a%20hands-on%20discussion%20about%20analyzing%20textual%20materials%20and%20interview%20transcripts%20to%20do%20frame%20analysis%20that%20lends%20itself%20to%20longitudinal%20and%20cross-case%20comparisons.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-7425-3806-1%20978-0-7425-3807-8%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T23%3A02%3A56Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CJ34XQXP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lakoff%20and%20Johnson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELakoff%2C%20George%2C%20and%20Mark%20Johnson.%20%3Ci%3EMetaphors%20We%20Live%20By%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Chicago%3A%20University%20of%20Chicago%20Press%2C%202003.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCJ34XQXP%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metaphors%20we%20live%20by%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22George%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lakoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22he%20now-classic%20Metaphors%20We%20Live%20By%20changed%20our%20understanding%20of%20metaphor%20and%20its%20role%20in%20language%20and%20the%20mind.%20Metaphor%2C%20the%20authors%20explain%2C%20is%20a%20fundamental%20mechanism%20of%20mind%2C%20one%20that%20allows%20us%20to%20use%20what%20we%20know%20about%20our%20physical%20and%20social%20experience%20to%20provide%20understanding%20of%20countless%20other%20subjects.%20Because%20such%20metaphors%20structure%20our%20most%20basic%20understandings%20of%20our%20experience%2C%20they%20are%20%5C%22metaphors%20we%20live%20by%5C%22%5Cu2014metaphors%20that%20can%20shape%20our%20perceptions%20and%20actions%20without%20our%20ever%20noticing%20them.%5Cn%5CnIn%20this%20updated%20edition%20of%20Lakoff%20and%20Johnson%5Cu2019s%20influential%20book%2C%20the%20authors%20supply%20an%20afterword%20surveying%20how%20their%20theory%20of%20metaphor%20has%20developed%20within%20the%20cognitive%20sciences%20to%20become%20central%20to%20the%20contemporary%20understanding%20of%20how%20we%20think%20and%20how%20we%20express%20our%20thoughts%20in%20language.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-226-46801-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T20%3A45%3A58Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EQ3J9ATN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Downs%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDowns%2C%20Douglas.%20%26%23x201C%3BRepresenting%20Gun%20Owners%3A%20Frame%20Identification%20as%20Social%20Responsibility%20in%20News%20Media%20Discourse.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EWritten%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2019%2C%20no.%201%20%282002%29%3A%2044%26%23x2013%3B75.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F074108830201900103%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F074108830201900103%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEQ3J9ATN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Representing%20Gun%20Owners%3A%20Frame%20Identification%20as%20Social%20Responsibility%20in%20News%20Media%20Discourse%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Downs%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Critical%20discourse%20analysis%20of%20a%2075%2C000-word%20corpus%20of%20newspaper%20articles%2C%20editorials%2C%20and%20letters%20to%20the%20editor%20reveals%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20cosmopolitan%20worldview-frame%20and%20its%20effects%20on%20representations%20of%20gun%20owners%20in%20the%20United%20States.%20This%20cosmopolitan%20worldview%2C%20which%20includes%20cultural%20frames%20of%20reliance%20on%20others%2C%20specialization%2C%20risk%20avoidance%2C%20and%20government%20responsibility%20for%20risk%20reduction%2C%20results%20in%20the%20marginalization%20of%20gun%20owners%20and%20the%20silencing%20of%20frames%20and%20information%20that%20would%20counter%20it.%20This%20study%20demonstrates%20that%20the%20frames%20news%20media%20adopt%20in%20covering%20contentious%20social%20issues%20can%20not%20only%20silence%20participants%20in%20public%20debate%20but%20hamper%20efforts%20to%20find%20common%20ground%20on%20those%20issues.%20Socially%20responsible%20news%20media%20should%20instead%20explore%20and%20report%20on%20the%20variety%20of%20frames%20in%20play%20regarding%20a%20range%20of%20social%20issues%20in%20an%20effort%20to%20educate%20their%20audiences%20and%2C%20in%20so%20doing%2C%20promote%20public%20debate.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F074108830201900103%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220741-0883%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F074108830201900103%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A50%3A44Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FTILPTB8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Creed%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECreed%2C%20W.E.%26%23xA0%3B%20Douglas%2C%20Jeffrey%20A.%20Langstraat%2C%20and%20Maureen%20A.%20Scully.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Picture%20of%20the%20Frame%3A%20Frame%20Analysis%20as%20Technique%20and%20as%20Politics.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EOrganizational%20Research%20Methods%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%205%2C%20no.%201%20%282002%29%3A%2034%26%23x2013%3B55.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1094428102051004%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1094428102051004%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFTILPTB8%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Picture%20of%20the%20Frame%3A%20Frame%20Analysis%20as%20Technique%20and%20as%20Politics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.E.%20%20Douglas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Creed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langstraat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maureen%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scully%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20article%2C%20the%20authors%20make%20the%20case%20for%20using%20frame%20analysis%2C%20an%20analytical%20tool%20commonly%20used%20in%20empirical%20work%20on%20social%20movements%20and%20social%20policy%20debates%2C%20as%20a%20strategy%20for%20organizational%20research.%20Using%20two%20sample%20texts%5Cu2014representing%20opposite%20stands%20on%20how%20the%20socially%20responsible%20investing%20movement%20should%20view%20investing%20decisions%20based%20on%20corporate%20handling%20of%20lesbian%5C%2Fgay%5C%2Fbisexual%5C%2Ftransgendered%20workplace%20issues%5Cu2014they%20illustrate%20several%20important%20methodological%20and%20epistemological%20concerns%20for%20organizational%20scholars%20considering%20this%20technique.%20They%20examine%20four%20key%20issues%20in%20particular%20that%20arise%20in%20thinking%20about%20how%20and%20why%20to%20use%20frame%20analysis%3A%20%28a%29%20using%20frame%20analysis%20to%20sort%20out%20underlying%20logics%3B%20%28b%29%20situating%20frames%20in%20context%3B%20%28c%29%20surfacing%20politics%2C%20subjugated%20voices%2C%20and%20implicit%20ideologies%3B%20and%20%28d%29%20making%20mindful%20choices%20as%20organizational%20researchers.%20They%20give%20special%20attention%20to%20the%20problem%20of%20how%20our%20reflexive%20positions%20and%20claims%20about%20knowledge%20have%20implications%20for%20conducting%20and%20reading%20frame%20analyses.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1094428102051004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221094-4281%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1094428102051004%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T21%3A47%3A33Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DK3Q5KMA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2133649%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Scheufele%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EScheufele%2C%20D.%20A.%20%26%23x201C%3BFraming%20as%20a%20Theory%20of%20Media%20Effects.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EJournal%20of%20Communication%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2049%2C%20no.%201%20%281999%29%3A%20103%26%23x2013%3B22.%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-DOIURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwe1s.ucsb.edu%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2133649%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DDK3Q5KMA%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Framing%20as%20a%20theory%20of%20media%20effects%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheufele%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Research%20on%20framing%20is%20characterized%20by%20theoretical%20and%20empirical%20vagueness.%20This%20is%20due%2C%20in%20part%2C%20to%20the%20lack%20of%20a%20commonly%20shared%20theoretical%20model%20underlying%20framing%20research.%20Conceptual%20problems%20translate%20into%20operational%20problems%2C%20limiting%20the%20comparability%20of%20instruments%20and%20results.%20In%20this%20paper%20I%20systematize%20the%20fragmented%20approaches%20to%20framing%20in%20political%20communication%20and%20integrate%20them%20into%20a%20comprehensive%20model.%20I%20classify%20previous%20approaches%20to%20framing%20research%20along%20two%20dimensions%3A%20the%20type%20of%20frame%20examined%20%28media%20frames%20vs.%20audience%20frames%29%20and%20the%20way%20frames%20are%20operationalized%20%28independent%20variable%20or%20dependent%20variable%29.%20I%20develop%20a%20process%20model%20of%20framing%2C%20identifying%20four%20key%20processes%20that%20should%20be%20addressed%20in%20future%20research%3A%20frame%20building%2C%20frame%20setting%2C%20individual-level%20processes%20of%20framing%2C%20and%20a%20feedback%20loop%20from%20audiences%20to%20journalists.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221460-2466%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-15T22%3A45%3A43Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Frame%20analysis%20of%20media%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Kwak, Haewoon, Jisun An, and Yong-Yeol Ahn. “A Systematic Media Frame Analysis of 1.5 Million New York Times Articles from 2000 to 2017.” ArXiv:2005.01803 [Cs], 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01803. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Toolkits.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/tools-and-resources/toolkits/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Framing 101.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/tools-and-resources/framing-101/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Don’t Feed Fatalism…Put Forward Solutions Instead.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/dont-feed-fatalism-put-forward-solutions-instead/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Five Questions about Framing.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/five-questions-about-framing/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Changing the Narrative on Public Education.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/toolkit/changing-the-narrative-on-public-education/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “What’s in a Frame?” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/whats-in-a-frame/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Homepage,” 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Framing Social Media.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/publication/framing-social-media/. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Tapping into the Power of Metaphors.” FrameWorks Institute, 2020. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/tapping-into-the-power-of-metaphors/. Cite
Walter, Dror, and Yotam Ophir. “News Frame Analysis: An Inductive Mixed-Method Computational Approach.” Communication Methods and Measures 13, no. 4 (2019): 248–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2019.1639145. Cite
Löblich, Maria. “Analyzing Talk and Text IV: Frame Analysis.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research, edited by Hilde Van den Bulck, Manuel Puppis, Karen Donders, and Leo Van Audenhove, 419–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16065-4_24. Cite
Parrott, Scott, David L. Albright, Caitlin Dyche, and Hailey Grace Steele. “Hero, Charity Case, and Victim: How U.S. News Media Frame Military Veterans on Twitter.” Armed Forces & Society 45, no. 4 (2019): 702–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X18784238. Cite
Ylä-Anttila, Tuukka, Veikko Eranti, and Anna Kukkonen. “Topic Modeling as a Method for Frame Analysis: Data Mining the Climate Change Debate in India and the USA.” Preprint. SocArXiv, 2018. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/dgc38. Cite
Egres, Dorottya. “Symbolic and Realistic Threats – Frame Analysis of Political and Media Discourses about Refugees and Migrants.” Society and Economy 40, no. 3 (2018): 463–77. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2018.40.3.11. Cite
Saltmarshe, Ella. “Using Story to Change Systems (SSIR).” Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2018. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/using_story_to_change_systems. Cite
David, Clarissa C., and Christian Baden. “Frame Analysis.” In The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 1–22. American Cancer Society, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0109. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “Framing During an Economic Downturn.” FrameWorks Institute, 2017. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/framing-during-an-economic-downturn/. Cite
Pashakhin, Sergey. “Topic Modeling for Frame Analysis of News Media.” In Proceeding of the Ainl Fruct 2016 Conference, 103–5. Saint-Petersburg, 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321771922_Topic_Modeling_for_Frame_Analysis_of_News_Media. Cite
Joslyn, Heather. “Words That Change Minds.” Chronicle of Philanthropy, no. September (2016): 20–24. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chroniclephilanthropy_wordsthatchangeminds_2016.pdf. Cite
Qin, Jie. “Hero on Twitter, Traitor on News: How Social Media and Legacy News Frame Snowden.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 20, no. 2 (2015): 166–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161214566709. Cite
Xie, Lei. “The Story of Two Big Chimneys: A Frame Analysis of Climate Change in US and Chinese Newspapers.” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 44, no. 2 (2015): 151–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2015.1011593. Cite
FrameWorks Institute. “The Storytelling Power of Numbers.” FrameWorks Institute, 2015. https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/article/the-storytelling-power-of-numbers/. Cite
Brüggemann, Michael. “Between Frame Setting and Frame Sending: How Journalists Contribute to News Frames.” Communication Theory 24, no. 1 (2014): 61–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12027. Cite
Burscher, Björn, Daan Odijk, Rens Vliegenthart, Maarten de Rijke, and Claes H. de Vreese. “Teaching the Computer to Code Frames in News: Comparing Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches to Frame Analysis.” Communication Methods and Measures 8, no. 3 (2014): 190–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2014.937527. Cite
Lakoff, George. Don’t Think of an Elephant! Know Your Values and Frame the Debate: The Essential Guide for Progressives. White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub. Co, 2014. Cite
Wasike, Ben S. “Framing News in 140 Characters: How Social Media Editors Frame the News and Interact with Audiences via Twitter.” Global Media Journal--Canadian Edition 6, no. 1 (2013): 5–23. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ben_Wasike/publication/279545539_Framing_News_in_140_Characters_How_Social_Media_Editors_Frame_the_News_and_Interact_with_Audiences_via_Twitter/links/57de207e08ae4e6f1849adc1.pdf. Cite
Hänggli, Regula, and Hanspeter Kriesi. “Frame Construction and Frame Promotion (Strategic Framing Choices).” American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 3 (2012): 260–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211426325. Cite
Holton, Avery, Brooke Weberling, Christopher E. Clarke, and Michael J. Smith. “The Blame Frame: Media Attribution of Culpability About the MMR–Autism Vaccination Scare.” Health Communication 27, no. 7 (2012): 690–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.633158. Cite
Linstrõm, Margaret, and Willemien Marais. “Qualitative News Frame Analysis: A Methodology.” Communitas 17 (2012): 21–38. https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/com/article/view/991. Cite
McFarland, Katherine. “Media Influence and Frame Diversity in the Debate Over Same-Sex Marriage.” The Communication Review 14, no. 4 (2011): 255–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2011.624002. Cite
Hänggli, Regula. “Key Factors in Frame Building.” In Political Communication in Direct Democratic Campaigns: Enlightening or Manipulating?, edited by Hanspeter Kriesi, 125–42. Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230343214_9. Cite
David, Clarissa C., Jenna Mae Atun, Erika Fille, and Christopher Monterola. “Finding Frames: Comparing Two Methods of Frame Analysis.” Communication Methods and Measures 5, no. 4 (2011): 329–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2011.624873. Cite
Vliegenthart, Rens, and Liesbet van Zoonen. “Power to the Frame: Bringing Sociology Back to Frame Analysis.” European Journal of Communication 26, no. 2 (2011): 101–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323111404838. Cite
Reese, Stephen D, Oscar H Gandy, and August E Grant. Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World. New York; London: Routledge, 2010. Cite
Manuel, Tiffany, and Lynn Davey. “Strategic Frame Analysis: Providing the ‘Evidence’ for Evidence-Based Communications.” New Directions for Youth Development 2009, no. 124 (2009): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.322. Cite
Fletcher, Amy Lynn. “Clearing the Air: The Contribution of Frame Analysis to Understanding Climate Policy in the United States.” Environmental Politics 18, no. 5 (2009): 800–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010903157123. Cite
Muschert, Glenn W. “Frame-Changing in the Media Coverage of a School Shooting: The Rise of Columbine as a National Concern.” The Social Science Journal 46, no. 1 (2009): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2008.12.014. Cite
An, Seon-Kyoung, and Karla K. Gower. “How Do the News Media Frame Crises? A Content Analysis of Crisis News Coverage.” Public Relations Review 35, no. 2 (2009): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.010. Cite
Matthes, Jörg. “What’s in a Frame? A Content Analysis of Media Framing Studies in the World’s Leading Communication Journals, 1990-2005.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 86, no. 2 (2009): 349–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900908600206. Cite
Ribeiro, Branca Telles, and Susan M. Hoyle. “Frame Analysis.” In Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics, 74–90. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2009. Cite
Kenix, L. J. “From Media Frame to Social Change? A Comparative Analysis of Same-Sex Rights in the United States and New Zealand Press.” Australian Journal of Communication 35, no. 3 (2008): 105–28. https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/3116. Cite
Muschert, Glenn W., and Dawn Carr. “Media Salience and Frame Changing across Events: Coverage of Nine School Shootings, 1997–2001.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 83, no. 4 (2006): 747–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900608300402. Cite
Bales, Susan Nall, and Franklin D. Gilliam Jr. “Communications for Social Good.” White paper. New York, NY: Foundation Center, 2006. http://foundationcenter.org/gainknowledge/research/pdf/practicematters_08_paper.pdf. Cite
Cokley, John, and Elspeth Tilley. “Unfreezing the Frame: Functional Frame Analysis for Journalists and Journalism Students.” Australian Journal of Communication 32, no. 1 (2005): 71. http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200506979;res=IELAPA. Cite
Johnston, Hank, and John A. Noakes, eds. Frames of Protest: Social Movements and the Framing Perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2005. Cite
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Cite
Downs, Douglas. “Representing Gun Owners: Frame Identification as Social Responsibility in News Media Discourse.” Written Communication 19, no. 1 (2002): 44–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/074108830201900103. Cite
Creed, W.E. Douglas, Jeffrey A. Langstraat, and Maureen A. Scully. “A Picture of the Frame: Frame Analysis as Technique and as Politics.” Organizational Research Methods 5, no. 1 (2002): 34–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428102051004. Cite
Scheufele, D. A. “Framing as a Theory of Media Effects.” Journal of Communication 49, no. 1 (1999): 103–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x. Cite